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Ophthalmology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Aetiology: inflammation of the eyelid margins (Fig. 7.8), with or without chalazion (blocked meibomian gland). The anterior type usually affects the lashes while the posterior type is caused by meibomian gland dysfunction.
Bacteriology of Ophthalmic Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Arumugam Priya, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Chalazion, also known as a Meibomian cyst, is a common eyelid disorder of all age groups. It is lipogranulomatous inflammation of the ocular glands caused due to retention of the Meibomian secretion in the sebaceous gland. Inflammation and irritation of the eyelid and ocular surface with the formation of cyst are the common clinical presentations. The cyst formation usually does not affect the normal visual perception. However, the size of the cyst may have an impact. Larger chalazion cyst may interrupt the normal vision or induce astigmatism which can lead to eye morbidity (Park and Lee, 2014). The predisposing factors associated with chalazion include, Meibomian gland dysfunction, chronic blepharitis, dry eye, seborrheic dermatitis, gastritis, and smoking (Nemet et al., 2011). Other factors such as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, poor lid hygiene, use of cosmetic products, and stress also contribute to cyst development, but their role in disease is poorly understood.
Ophthalmology
Published in Keith Hopcroft, Instant Wisdom for GPs, 2017
Chalazia and styes are different things. Chalazia occur because of a blocked meibomian gland. They are not usually painful unless infected. Styes, on the other hand, are infected hair follicles on the lid margin. They present with a painful yellow lesion around the lid margin. Styes are usually self-limiting, resolving within 1 or 2 weeks – this can be accelerated by warm compresses. Occasionally they may require antibiotics. An infected chalazion can resemble a stye, so consider this possibility in ‘recurrent styes’.
Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormone, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D3, Folic Acid, and Ferritin in Chalazion
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Chalazion is a chronic sterile lipogranulomatous inflammation of the Meibomian glands. It may be present at any age and is more common in female population.,1,2 Chalazion is the most common reason for eyelid masses in all ages and nearly all reasons for eyelid masses are in the differential diagnosis.2 Chalazion may cause ocular surface symptoms, topographic abnormalities, blurred vision, mechanical ptosis, or cellulitis.3–5 After the acute phase, nearly half of the lesions are resolved using conservative treatments, including warm compresses and topical antibiotic and steroid combinations.6,7 For the rest of the lesions, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections and incision and curettage are two standard treatment methods which are commonly performed.6,7 The recurrence rate of chalazion may be up to 35% and recurrent invasive procedures may be necessary for those patients.8,9
Bilateral orbital granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated by central serous chorioretinopathy
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Anand D Gopal, Austin Meeker, Sathyadeepak Ramesh
A 46 year-old man presented with one week of decreased vision in the left eye in the setting of eight months of indolent, minimally tender focal swelling and redness of the lateral left upper lid. On initial evaluation by outside providers, he denied antecedent trauma, insect bites, or prior episodes. The patient was initially diagnosed with a chalazion; however, three weeks prior to presentation, he experienced rapid worsening of swelling and tenderness with new-onset decreased vision in the left eye. Given concern for preseptal cellulitis, the patient received consecutive courses of oral doxycycline and cephalexin without improvement. In the setting of progressive symptomatology and vision changes, he was hospitalised locally for intravenous antibiotics and transferred to our institution for further evaluation.
Primary eyelid tuberculosis mimicking as chalazion in an immunocompetent child
Published in Orbit, 2020
Shahid Alam, Madhuri V. Thallam
A 5-year-old, otherwise healthy female child presented with a painless swelling of left lower eyelid for the past 5 months and history of undergoing incision and curettage. Local Examination revealed firm, mildly erythematic, non-tender swelling in left lower eyelid, with eczematous skin overlying it (Figure 1a). A clinical diagnosis of non-resolving chalazion was made. The patient underwent incision and curettage of the lesion by a horizontal skin incision. There was no collection of inspissated material; instead, there was lot of friable granulation tissue. Histopathology revealed granulomas composed of epithelioid cells, histiocytes and langhans like giant cells with areas of necrosis (Figure 1b,c). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting MPB64 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive. A diagnosis of lower eyelid tuberculosis was made and the patient was started on 9-month course of anti-tuberculosis (ATT) therapy, after ruling out systemic involvement. There was no recurrence at 1 year of follow-up. Primary eyelid tuberculosis is extremely rare and it can mimic chalazion. PCR helps in confirming the diagnosis in cases with sufficient doubt on histopathology.