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Common Vitreoretinal Procedures
Published in Pradeep Venkatesh, Handbook of Vitreoretinal Surgery, 2023
Up until the late 1980s, there continued to be raging debates on the safety of implanting IOLs after cataract surgery. Currently, cataract surgery occupies the very pinnacle of all surgeries in its ability to improve the quality of vision and quality of life. Hence, an eye without an intraocular implant after a planned cataract surgery is considered abnormal. To avoid this situation, all cataract surgeons endeavor to somehow implant an IOL into the eye. In more than 99% of the surgeries, IOL implantation is carried off successfully, either into the capsular bag or within the ciliary sulcus. In fewer than 1% of cases, however, an implanted IOL gets dislocated posteriorly, into the vitreous cavity. Surgical intervention is imperative in such situations because no visual rehabilitation would be possible otherwise.
Cataract and Cataract Surgical Coverage
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Olusola Olawoye, Priya Adhisesha Reddy, Ving Fai Chan, Prabhath Piyasena, Nathan Congdon
Cataract remains the leading cause of avoidable blindness worldwide despite the wealth of evidence showing the cost-effectiveness, the socioeconomic benefits, and relative simplicity of carrying out cataract surgery, not to mention the impact that the treatment of cataract is shown to have on the lives of beneficiaries and their families.70 Cataract surgery is one of the most widely undertaken surgical procedures globally. It has recently been recognized by the World Bank as an “essential surgery,”71 and is one of a group of 44 surgical procedures deemed essential on the basis that they address substantial needs, are cost-effective, and can be feasibly implemented.
YAG Laser
Published in Anita Prasad, Laser Techniques in Ophthalmology, 2022
PCO development is influenced by age, pre-existing inflammation, and history of trauma. Cataract surgery can be difficult in such patients, with increased risk of retained SLM, iris adhesions, capsular pigment migration, and persistent inflammation.
Investigating the effects of a blue-blocking software on the daily rhythm of sleep, melatonin, cortisol, positive and negative emotions
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Ali Makateb, Ali Rashidinia, Keivan Khosravifard, Parviz Dabaghi
In another 2015 study by Brøndsted et al., 76 patients who were candidates for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to two types of intraocular lenses. This study used salivary melatonin levels, pupillometry (pupil response to blue light), actigraphy, and a sleep quality questionnaire. In this study, it was concluded that the type of intraocular lens was unlikely to affect sleep quality, although the follow-up time of the patients in this study was short (20). Several studies have been conducted on the effect of spectacles with blue light protection on improving nighttime sleep. The 2020 study by Janku et al. on the synergistic effect of these glasses with cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of nocturnal insomnia and the study by Knufinke et al. on the effect of using these glasses in athletes (Janků et al. 2020; Knufinke et al. 2019).
Recent developments in the intraocular lens formulae: An update
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Sarthak S. Kothari, Jagadesh C. Reddy
Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed ocular surgery. In a patient’s view success of cataract surgery is defined as obtaining a post-operative 20/20 refractive outcome with spectacle independence. The accuracy of refractive outcomes after uneventful cataract surgery largely depends on the biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) formula used for selecting the IOL.1 With the advent of optical biometers, there has been a flurry of technological advances, which has reduced biometry measurement errors to a minimum.1–3 However, there was little advancement in the field of IOL formulas until the recent decade. In recent 5 years, there has been an introduction of several new formulae for IOL power calculation to improve the accuracy of refraction outcomes in eyes undergoing cataract surgery.4,5 To improve the accuracy of post-op refractive outcomes, several methods of IOL power calculations like regression, vergence-based, ray-tracing, artificial intelligence, and hybrid have been used. This review would aim to summarise the principles of these formulae and their performance among normal and variable ocular biometry conditions.
Comparison of Unilateral and Bilateral Surgical Approaches for the Treatment of Age-Related Divergence Insufficiency Esotropia
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
Chavisa Bunyavee, Steven M. Archer, Chris Y. Wu, Monte A. Del Monte
Of 103 patients who met inclusion criteria, 62 patients were eligible for the study. Forty-one patients were excluded due to thyroid eye disease (2), sixth nerve palsy (8), esotropia incompatible with divergence insufficiency pattern (5), previous surgery (4), incomplete medical record (14), or inadequate follow-up (8). Baseline patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. Seventy percent were female. The average age at presentation was 64.4 years (ranging from 40 to 84 years). The most common chief complaint was horizontal diplopia worse at distance, mostly when driving or watching TV. Primary reasons for surgery were patient preference (n = 48, 77%), need for excessive prism correction (n = 10, 16%), and prism intolerance (n = 4, 7%). Eight patients had undergone brain imaging but did not show any specific neurological abnormality. Forty-seven patients had previous prism treatment. Twenty-nine patients had cataract surgery in either or both eyes. The average spherical equivalent was 0.9 diopters of myopia. The mean preoperative esotropia was 17.7∆ at distance and 6.5∆ at near. Twenty-seven patients had full ductions and versions, and 33 patients had mild abduction deficit (−0.5 to −1) in one or both eyes. The other two patients had moderate abduction deficit (−2). The average magnitude of lateral gaze incomitance was 2∆. Associated vertical deviations were found in 16 cases varying from 1 to 6∆.