China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Approach to “Visual Loss”
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Aastha Takkar Kapila, Monika Singla, Vivek Lal
Intermittent angle-closure glaucoma can present with transient episodes of pain, nausea, vomiting, blurry vision accompanied by other visual symptoms, such as halos around lights, during episodes. Rarely, these patients may also present with isolated painless TVL.6
Ageing
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Glaucoma typically causes a loss of peripheral vision or visual field defects (scotomas). It is related to reduced aqueous humour outflow that results in an increased intraocular pressure (> 21 mmHg). Primary open-angle glaucoma is an insidious disease caused by a blockage of flow in the trabecular meshwork, which results in gradual damage to the optic nerve. A large cup to disc ratio is seen on ophthalmoscopy. It is usually managed initially with eye drops, such as prostaglandin analogues (e.g. latanoprost) or beta-blockers (e.g. timolol). Secondary treatments include acetazolamide, sympathomimetics (e.g. brimonidine eye drops) and surgical iridectomy. Primary angle-closure glaucoma is caused by blockage of flow into the anterior chamber. It causes an acute red-eye and should be urgently referred to an ophthalmologist.
Paper 4
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Buscopan is used as an antispasmodic agent for studies where bowel motion may cause image degradation. A complication of Buscopan is acute angle closure glaucoma; however, the chronic open angle form of the condition is not a contraindication. Patients may not know they are at risk of acute angle closure glaucoma until they develop symptoms of eye pain, altered/reduced vision and nausea and vomiting, and so it is important that patients are warned about this. If a patient develops acute angle closure glaucoma, both eyes are usually treated by laser iridotomy at the first presentation to prevent recurrence.
Facilitators and Barriers to Using Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) as First-Line Treatment for Glaucoma: Physician and Patient Views Gathered during an Exploratory Descriptive Qualitative Study
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2023
Yize Chen, Lynne Lohfeld, Di Song, Clara Pak, Xia Gong, Wenzhe Zhou, Yuanbo Liang, Nathan Congdon
In China, the overall prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma is less than that of primary closed-angle glaucoma (1.02% and 1.40%, respectively).17 In our study, physicians indicated that open-angle glaucoma accounts for only some 30% of cases seen in their clinics, likely due to the disease’s insidious onset, making a timely diagnosis difficult. This is consistent with findings from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study.18 The relatively small number of such patients in Chinese clinics may be an obstacle to the wider promotion of SLT. Although some recent studies have proved that SLT is also effective for treating angle-closure glaucoma,19,20 physicians still regard open-angle glaucoma as the main type of glaucoma appropriate for treatment with SLT.
Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Retinitis Pigmentosa with Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in the Chinese Population
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Dan-Dan Wang, Feng-Juan Gao, Fang-Yuan Hu, Wen-Jun Cao, Ping Xu, Ying Huang, Xing-Huai Sun, Ji-Hong Wu
Advanced age and female sex are two well-known risk factors for PACG.15,16 In this study, PACG occurred more frequently in female patients with RP (14 men vs. 25 women), consistent with findings in the general population. Additionally, PACG has been reported to develop at an earlier age in patients with RP (53.3 ± 8.0 years) than in patients without RP (64.6 ± 8.4 years);8 our patients had a similar mean age at PACG onset (46.04 ± 14.50 years). Ritch et al. analyzed 67 patients with angle-closure glaucoma and noted that the etiology of angle closure differed between younger and older patients.17 Because most patients with PACG are >40 years of age, we divided our patients into two groups according to the age at PACG onset. Notably, we found that the patients in the younger group had a shorter AL and a greater LT (P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in ACD (P = 0.893). Furthermore, all patients with iridociliary cysts or nanophthalmos were in the younger group, similar to the findings in a previous study.17 Therefore, IOP should be regularly monitored in RP patients, particularly female patients with shorter AL, greater LT, iridociliary cysts, or nanophthalmos. Timely intervention may protect patients with RP from aggravated damage resulting from an elevated IOP.
Diabetic eye: associated diseases, drugs in clinic, and role of self-assembled carriers in topical treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Axel Kattar, Angel Concheiro, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and is defined by damage of the retinal ganglion cells, leading to irreversible damage of the optic nerve [32]. This is often accompanied by a rise of the intraocular pressure (IOP) triggered through different mechanisms. Open-angle glaucoma is caused by blocking of the trabecular meshwork, which in turn hinders fluid drainage and increases pressure. This is the most common form of glaucoma and happens at slow pace. Angle closure glaucoma is provoked by the iris coming forward and blocking the drainage angle between the iris and the cornea. It can happen over time or suddenly. Secondary angle closure glaucoma, in which the angle can be opened or closed, is caused by a secondary factor that leads to drainage hindrance, for example excessive pigment release blocking the trabecular meshwork (pigmentary glaucoma). Although the role of diabetes is unclear, direct correlations were found between diabetes duration and fasting glucose levels and the increase in IOP [33].