China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Principles of the Laser and Applications
Published in Sujoy K. Guba, Bioengineering in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Noncontact nature of laser surgery has all along been considered as a significant advantage of the approach. Now this view is being re-examined in the light of possible outweighing benefits from contact laser surgery. Very broadly the carbon dioxide laser is best suited for cutting and vaporization while the Nd-YAG laser is more effective in coagulation. Both equipment are expensive and having both in one surgical unit is out of the reach of most hospitals. This issue has lead to critical review of established concepts. The Nd-YAG laser in lower powers is a rugged reliable equipment but for non contact surgery where power of the order of 100 W or more are required the laser setup becomes complex. Figure 13.11 indicates that a large part of the energy, almost 30 to 40% in noncontact operation, is lost in back scatter whereas the loss is quite low, being of the order of 5% in contact operation. This situation has prompted trials with contact Nd-YAG lasers. By means of contact probes made of mechanically strong sapphire crystals a contact area of 0.4 mm can readily be achieved. Comparing the power density with a typical 1.5-mm, non-contact spot size beam, it is seen that a power density of 7000 W/cm2 can be obtained with only a 10-W laser in contact operation, while for noncontact more than 100-W source is needed. Furthermore the energy distribution within the tissue is more localized in contact operation. A consequence is that the lateral necrosis is far more localized than for the non contact mode.
Anaesthesia for Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Procedures
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Laser surgery is covered in more detail in a review.22 Safety is the prime consideration, and the laser must never be used unless staff are properly trained in its use and all appropriate precautions are taken.
Surgery
Published in John Melford, Pocket Guide to Cancer, 2017
Laser surgery is also used for cosmetic purposes such as: The removal of tattoos and minor skin blemishesThe removal of dilated blood vessels from the faceThe removal of unwanted hair
Impact on ovarian reserve and fertility using carbon dioxide laser for endometriosis treatment: a systematic review
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Andrea Giannini, Linda Tebache, Giacomo Noti, Giulia Cosimi, Michelle Nisolle, Tommaso Simoncini
Different studies have been designed in the absence of evident data from the literature on the recurrence rate of endometriomas after different surgical procedures. Carmona et al. [28] investigated the incidence of long-term recurrence of endometriomas in ninety patients randomly undergoing either excisional surgery or CO2 laser vaporization. After five years, no statistically significant differences in recurrence rates were detected between the two surgical treatment types. Interestingly, the authors showed a higher significant incidence of short-term recurrence in women treated with laser surgery. Muzii et al. presented the results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, blinded clinical trial analyzing possible significant differences in recurrence rates of endometrioma between the combined excisional/ablative technique and the stripping technique. The authors investigated data from 51 women with bilateral endometriomas larger than 3 cm, and each of them underwent both surgery techniques: one ovary was randomly treated with the stripping technique, consequently the contralateral with the combined excisional/ablative technique. The authors found that the recurrence rate did not differ between the two surgical approaches: 5.9% for the stripping procedure and 2.0% for the combined approach. The AFC showed no significant differences between the ovaries treated with the stripping technique and the ovaries treated with the combined procedure at 1-, 3-, and 6-month visits.
Variation in prognosis of early laryngeal carcinoma after different types of cordectomy with transoral laser microsurgery
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Shuo Ding, Junwei Huang, Zhigang Huang, Hongbo Xu, Wei Guo, Yang Zhang
TLM has shown its effectiveness and advantages in the treatment of laryngeal cancer, and its therapeutic effect on laryngeal carcinoma can be comparable to that of radiotherapy and open surgery. It has been widely promoted because of advantages such as small wound, functional protection, etc. [6,10,12]. The results of this study are also similar to other research reports [12,13]. The 5-year overall survival rate, 5-year disease-specific survival rate, and 5-year locoregional control rate of early (Tis, T1) laryngeal cancer were, respectively, 92.8, 96.9, and 91.3%. However, the current guidelines for laser surgery are imprecise. They lack clear recommendations for operating on different tumor stages and the effect of different surgical methods on the prognosis of the same stage of laryngeal carcinoma is rarely reported.
Use of lasers in minimally invasive spine surgery
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Since the development of lasers by Schawlow and Tons in 1958 [7], a variety of laser frequencies have been applied in medicine. In spine surgery, Ascher and Heppner [8] first used CO2 laser for lumbar disc decompression surgery in 1984. The words ‘laser’ and ‘minimally invasive spine surgery’ top the list of paid sponsors. The combination of these two words clearly prompts patient interest. The general notion is that laser surgery results in less blood loss, is less invasive, and is more effective in treating a variety of spinal conditions, especially herniated discs [9,10]. In fact, however, laser spine surgeries have been a target of criticism or controversy among major spine surgeons for their real effectiveness and/or scientific evidence [11–14]. This review is intended to address the current technique and practical use of laser in MISS.