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Diseases
Published in William Bonnez, Guide to Genital HPV Diseases and Prevention, 2019
Vulvar cancer represents about 5% of all female malignancies, considerably less than cervical cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is also much less studied. Its clinical presentation, especially in the early stages, does not vary from that of VIN. Verrucous carcinoma is an exception because it is large and exophytic with a condylomatous appearance. There are different histologic variants (as with VIN), and these as well as age of the patients account for why HPV (mostly HPV-16) is associated with only 40% of vulvar cancers. HPV-associated cancers occur in younger patients and in lesions that have undifferentiated, warty or basaloid, features.
Urethra and Penis
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
The Buschke-Lowenstein tumour is uncommon. It has the histological pattern of a verrucous carcinoma. It is locally destructive and invasive but appears not to spread to lymph nodes or to metastasise. Treatment is by surgical excision.
Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer
Published in George T. Bryan, Samuel M. Cohen, The Pathology of Bladder Cancer, 2017
Verrucous carcinoma is a relatively unusual special variant of squamous cell carcinoma that has only been reported to occur in the schistosomal bladder.59 Its biologic behavior is characteristic, being a low-grade tumor which is only locally malignant, without a tendency to spread to regional lymph nodes or distant locations. This variant constitutes 4.6% of squamous cell carcinomas or 3.4% of all types of schistosomal bladder carcinomas.59 Histologically, the tumor is a well-differentiated, hyperkeratotic squamous cell carcinoma with elongated surface projections and downgrowths of club-shaped, finger-like processes (see Figure 17). The deeply advancing margin has a pushing rather than an infiltrating border where the cells are arranged in large bulbous masses of tightly cohesive squamous cells lacking the cytologic features of anaplasia (see Figure 18). This is different from the ordinary squamous cell carcinoma which forms smaller tumor masses of irregular shapes with evidence of infiltration of the stroma and obvious nuclear abnormalities. The recognition of verrucous carcinoma is important for therapeutic reasons. Radical surgery is the only effective treatment and should give excellent results. Radiotherapy is not recommended, since it is both ineffective and may lead to anaplastic transformation of the tumor.
Verrucous hyperplasia and verrucous carcinoma in head and neck: use and benefit of methotrexate
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Stijn De Keukeleire, Astrid De Meulenaere, Philippe Deron, Wouter Huvenne, Duprez Fréderic, Olivier Bouckenooghe, Liesbeth Ferdinande, David Creytens, Sylvie Rottey
Verrucous carcinoma in the head and neck is a low-grade variant of SCC, of which verrucous hyperplasia is the premalignant entity. Both are characterized by distinct clinicopathological features. Local invasion and recurrence are well-known and well-described mechanisms that are correlated with increased morbidity for the patient. Distinguishing both entities is extremely difficult for the pathologist as both entities may coexist in a single patient. Curative treatment options consist primarily of surgery, and if contraindicated, primary radiotherapy [22]. The use of methotrexate is a topic of debate, delivering no or little chance of long-term remission or achieving a curative state. It can be an effective alternative for patients with a poor general condition (inoperable) or in large lesions as a neoadjuvant treatment before definitive surgery takes place [8].
Surgical treatment of verrucous carcinoma: a review
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Bilal Fawaz, Carlos Vieira, Ashley Decker, Naomi Lawrence
Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low-grade squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) characterized by an indolent, locally destructive course and a low rate of metastasis (1–5). VC has a male predominance and a wide range of onset (18–86 of age), but it most commonly arises in the 6–7th decade of life (1–5). Pathogenesis remains largely unknown, although Human papilloma virus (HPV), specifically HPV-11, 16, 18 and 33 may play a role (3,6). Known risk factors for OVC include smoking, alcohol use and areca nut extracts (7,8). It presents as a slowly enlarging, warty or bulbous tumor. VC typically arises in the oropharynx, anogenital region and plantar feet although other cutaneous sites have also been noted (1).