China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Special Locations
Published in Ashfaq A Marghoob, Ralph Braun, Natalia Jaimes, Atlas of Dermoscopy, 2023
Natalia Jaimes, Michael A. Marchetti
Mucous membranes are epithelial surfaces with mucus-secreting cells that form the lining of body cavities; for example, the mucosa of the mouth lines the oral cavity, including the gingivae, palate, lips, buccal surfaces, and floor of the mouth.1 Mucous membranes are generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous epitheliums, although different sites demonstrate varying degrees of keratinization. Examples of mucosal surfaces include the conjunctivae, oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, and anogenital mucosa.
Endocrinology and metabolism
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
CLINICAL FEATURES Often non-specific: lethargy, loss of appetite, weakness, weight loss. Other symptoms include abdominal pain and hyperpigmentation (particularly of oral mucosa). Biochemically there is low Na+, high K+ (in primary).
Summary of Hair Diseases: Cicatricial and Non-Cicatricial
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Aurora Alessandrini, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Michela Starace
Physical examination of the oral mucosa, skin, and nail may highlight typical manifestations in other areas. The pull test in active phase is positive with dystrophic anagen. With trichoscopy, perifollicular erythematous papules and acuminate hyperkeratotic follicular spines are seen together with the absence of follicular ostia. Trichoscopic features may be similar to other cicatricial hair diseases; therefore, histology is mandatory: the biopsy must be taken from the periphery of the patch, in an active area, never in the scar. LPP is characterized by a lymphocyte-mediated lichenoid band–like interface dermatitis involving the follicle and inter-follicular epidermis [65].
Optimization of an oral mucosa in vitro model based on cell line TR146
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2020
Grace C. Lin, Tamara Leitgeb, Alexandra Vladetic, Heinz-Peter Friedl, Nadine Rhodes, Angela Rossi, Eva Roblegg, Winfried Neuhaus
Even though over 50 tumor-derived cell lines of the oral mucosa have already been described, the majority of those is used for applications such as cytotoxicity testing, drug sensitivity, or migration studies as reported by Bierbaumer et al. recently.19 The oral mucosa is built by three different kinds of mucosa depending on the location (keratinized: gingiva, non-keratinized: buccal, specialized: tongue). Several cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines from the oral cavity have been decribed previously. 20–24 However, most of the commonly used cell lines originate from the floor of the mouth or from the gingival area, and a standardized cell line for the buccal mucosa is still missing. Even though primary models of the buccal mucosa are commercially available, they are mainly used for disease modeling or viability tests upon short-time exposure of certain molecules.25,26
IL-2 regulates oral mucosa inflammation through inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating the NF-ĸB pathway
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2020
More than 80% of the population worldwide will experience an episode of oral mucosa inflammation, which now remains as a costly condition today during lifetime [1,2]. Oral mucosa inflammation is a major pathological process that is regulated by many factors such as oxidative stress, infection, injuries, and other diseases [3,4]. Oral mucosa inflammation is a pathologic condition associated with oral epithelium damage that is also the major cause of pain in oral [5,6]. A variety of different molecular mechanisms have been reported including abnormal changes in genes and exposure to environmental chemicals, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Research attempts in many different models have been made to obtain better understanding of the development of oral mucosa inflammation and cellular biology events involved [8,9]. Oral mucosa inflammation is commonly characterized by the loss of cell number in the oral epithelium [10,11]. Prior studies of oral mucosa inflammation suggested that interleukin seems to play an important role in regulating oral mucosa inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this remains unknown. In the present study, we explore the influence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on oral mucosa inflammation [12].
Study of tissue engineered vascularised oral mucosa-like structures based on ACVM-0.25% HLC-I scaffold in vitro and in vivo
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Minyue Zhou, Xiao Chen, Yanling Qiu, He Chen, Yaoqiang Liu, Yali Hou, Minhai Nie, Xuqian Liu
Oral mucosa is the first barrier against various harmful substances from the outside and plays a very important role in protecting submucosal tissues [1]. Tumour resection, mucosal lesions, trauma and other factors can cause large-scale oral mucosal defects. If a large-scale mucosal defect cannot be repaired in time, it will lead to granulation tissue contraction and scar tissue contraction, which will eventually affect the reconstruction of chewing, swallowing, mouth opening and other functions, and will greatly affect the patient's life [1,2]. Therefore, the study of restoring functional oral mucosa is a hot spot in clinical research. At present, the main repair methods are autologous free flap and myofascial membrane transplantation [3,4], but this repair method is at the expense of normal tissues, which will cause secondary trauma and bring great pain to patients. Recent studies have shown that tissue-engineered oral mucosa (TEOM) [2,5] is an ideal reconstruction material, which opens up a new approach to repair oral mucosal soft tissue defects.