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Paper 4
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
The ovarian lesion has features concerning for malignancy due to the enhancing, peripheral, intermediate T1 and T2 signal area. The most common malignant ovarian tumour is a serous cystadenocarcinoma. These often have a large cystic component and enhancing soft tissue which may be papillary in appearance and demonstrate restricted diffusion. In contrast to this, serous cystadenomas should be simple and cystic with no soft tissue component.
Pancreatic malignancy
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Giovanni Morana, Alex Faccinetto, Michele Fusaro
Histologically, it is composed of multiple cysts formed by glycogen-rich, PAS-positive epithelial cells. It is a benign lesion, and very few cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma have been documented (85). In 15%–30% of the cases, SCA is associated with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease (86).
Obstetrics and gynaecology
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
In postmenopausal women, a specialist gynaecologist should assess all complex cysts or simple cysts larger than 5 cm. Correlation with CA-125 levels may be helpful. Serous cystadenocarcinoma is the commonest type of ovarian malignancy. These are usually large (>15 cm) and seen on US as multiloculated cystic masses with thick, irregular septations and soft tissue masses (Fig. 6.11). US may also diagnose evidence of metastatic spread, such as ascites and liver metastases. Other ovarian tumours seen on US as complex, partly cystic ovarian masses include mucinous and serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and endometroid carcinoma.
Serum cytokines and CXCR2: potential tumour markers in ovarian neoplasms
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Douglas Côbo Micheli, Millena Prata Jammal, Agrimaldo Martins-Filho, José Rodolfo Ximenes de Moraes Côrtes, Cristiane Naffah de Souza, Rosekeila Simões Nomelini, Eddie Fernando Candido Murta, Beatriz Martins Tavares-Murta
The anatomopathological analysis showed that most cases of non-neoplastic ovarian lesions were endometrioma (36.4%), followed by simple cysts (21.2%). Patients with benign neoplasia were mainly diagnosed with serous cystadenoma (31.9%), followed by mature cystic teratoma (27.8%) and mucinous cystadenoma (29.2%). In the malignant neoplasia group, papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most frequent diagnosis (20.0%), followed by granulosa cell tumours (16.7%), borderline mucinous tumour (20.0%), borderline serous tumour (6.7%), dysgerminoma (6.7%), clear cell carcinoma (6.7%), and other diagnoses (3.3%). The other items included endometrioid adenocarcinoma, high-grade neoplasia, immature teratoma, Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour, germ cell tumour, endodermal sinus tumour, and giant cell adenocarcinoma, which were exhibited by one individual each.
Role of perfusion CT in the evaluation of adnexal masses
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Veenu Singla, Nidhi Prabhakar, Niranjan Khandelwal, Gaurav Sharma, Tulika Singh, Neelam Aggarwal, Srinivasan Radhika
In our study, one of the lesions which was diagnosed as a low-grade mucinous cystadenocarcinoma showed relatively reduced mean BF, PS, BV values and raised Tmax as compared to other malignant neoplasms (PS = 12.27 mL/min/100 g, BV = 11.28 mL/100 g, BF = 93.85 mL/min/100 g and Tmax = 12.02 s). In contrast, markedly elevated BF, PS, BV values and reduced Tmax were seen in a case of high-grade serous cystadenocarcinoma (mean PCT parameter values PS = 35.32 mL/min/100 g, BV = 29.3 mL/100 g, BF = 191.5 mL/min/100 g and Tmax = 4.2 s) and a case of a moderately differentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma (mean PCT parameter values PS = 26.34 mL/min/100 g, BV = 14.52 mL/100 g, BF = 133.7 mL/min/100 g and Tmax = 3.8 s). These findings suggest that PCT parameters can also predict the aggressiveness of malignant tumours.
A 5-gene DNA methylation signature is a promising prognostic biomarker for early-stage cervical cancer
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Hongxia Chen, Hongying Li, Lei Wang, Yaxiong Li, ChunYan Yang
Moreover, the five methylated markers explored by our model were CPXM1 (carboxypeptidase X, M14 family member 1), TRERF1 (transcriptional regulating factor 1), ZNF681 (zinc finger protein 681), SLC39A14 (solute carrier family 39 member 14) and CORO6 (coronin 6), separately (Table 2). These genes and their methylated changes were involved in a wide range of human cancers. To be specific, CPXM1 was a gene that could regulate the extracellular matrix remodelling and adipogenesis, and studies showed it might be a tumour suppressor involved in breast cancer (Kumar et al. 2018). Its methylated circulating cell-free DNA was suggested to be a predictive marker for breast cancer (Uehiro et al. 2016). Then, the TRERF1 gene was a crucial member in producing steroid hormones (Cao et al. 2018). Studies suggested that its hypermethylation could combine with other signatures to identify pan-cancer classes of tumours (Gonzalez-Reymundez and Vazquez 2020). Moreover, studies also demonstrated that the expression of ZNF681 is closely associated with the survival periods of primary central nervous system lymphoma (Kawaguchi et al. 2012). Furthermore, alternative splicing of SLC39A14 was also found in colorectal cancer (Thorsen et al. 2011). Its methylation with other four methylated signatures was suggested to be a novel prognostic signature for ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (Guo et al. 2018). Lastly, in renal cell carcinoma, the frequent methylation of CORO6 genes that occurred in promoter regions was exhibited (Morris et al. 2011). Although the functional mechanism in early-stage CC remains unclear, their methylation changes may serve as a potential therapeutic target for such disease.