China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cancer
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Elyce Cardonick, Charlotte Maggen, Puja Patel
In the majority of cases, a cesarean section is advised with radical hysterectomy performed simultaneously. A classical cesarean delivery is recommended to avoid extension into the lower uterine segment [111]. At the time of cesarean section pelvic and para-aortic nodes should be sampled, and an oophoropexy can be performed to move the ovaries out of the planned radiation field. Presurgical consultation with a radiation oncologist is suggested prior to delivery. Episiotomy site recurrences of cervical cancer have been reported for women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy who delivered vaginally [112]. Microinvasion of the cervix is not a contraindication to vaginal delivery.
Radiotherapy for Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors – Techniques and Strategies
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is the ratio of the amount of a specified biological effect of one type of ionizing radiation relative to photons given the same amount of absorbed energy. Biological effects of interest to the radiation oncologist include cell killing and normal tissue damage. The first investigation of biological effects of protons was performed by Tobias et al. at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, California. Initial results suggested that the RBE of protons in a mouse model was approximately 1.112 Further in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed protons to have a 10% higher RBE compared with photons, i.e., an RBE of 1.1. Hence, to date, in clinical practice the physical dose delivered by protons is higher by a factor of 1.1 to obtain the biologically effective dose in Gy (measured in cobalt-gray equivalents or CBE). Proton radiation doses are now referred to as Gy (RBE).
Introducing SGRT into the Clinic
Published in Jeremy D. P. Hoisak, Adam B. Paxton, Benjamin Waghorn, Todd Pawlicki, Surface Guided Radiation Therapy, 2020
External beam radiation treatments require intricate collaboration between multiple disciplines, including radiation oncologists, medical dosimetrists, physicists, radiation therapists, and nurses. Each medical professional in the team provides many vital aspects of analysis, calculation, image and measurement acquisition, quality assurance (QA), or patient care to ensure safe and accurate radiotherapy treatment. The radiation therapist provides the functional link between all the preparatory work (planning, calculations, QA, etc.) and actually delivering the treatment plan to the patient, and this essential role carries very unique challenges and responsibilities.
A comparative analysis between low-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer in Asian men
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2021
Youquan Li, Thomas Chan Kong Ngai, Siqin Zhou, Jerome Yap Haw Hwong, Eric Pang Pei Ping, Ashley Ong Li Kuan, Michael Wang Lian Chek, Melvin Chua Lee Kiang, Wen Shen Looi, Wen Long Nei, Eu Tiong Chua, Weber Lau Kam On, Terence Tan Wee Kiat, John Yuen Shyi Peng, Jeffrey Tuan Kit Loong
Radiotherapy techniques included image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) according to published protocols [1,4,5]. LDR-BT patients were restricted to I125 permanent seed implantation to a minimum dose of 144 Gy. Short-term hormonal therapy (4–6 months) was used at the discretion of treating physicians. In the analysis, EBRT regimens included conventional fractionation (CFRT, 74–78 Gy in 1.8–2.0 Gy per Fraction), moderate hypofractionation (HFRT, 60 Gy in 3 Gy per fraction) or ultra-hypofractionation (UHRT, 36.3–37.5 Gy in 7.3–7.5 Gy per fraction) radiotherapy. All the patients were followed up by attending radiation oncologists and urologists according to institution protocol. Treatment-related toxicities were evaluated with RTOG/EORTC Radiation Toxicity Grading by radiation oncologists.
A Five-Year report on the conception and establishment of the MSc Radiation Biology at the Technical University of Munich
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Carmen Kessel, Michael J. Atkinson, Thomas E. Schmid, Klaus Trott, Jan J. Wilkens, Natasa Anastasov, Michael Rosemann, Omid Azimzadeh, Soile Tapio, Simone Moertl, Ulrike M. Kulka, Michael Abend, Matthias Port, Christina Beinke, Mona Mustafa, Frauke Neff, Daniela Pfeiffer, Pascal Berberat, Stephanie E. Combs
So far, 25 students have graduated from the program. Their theses projects show the variety of directions in radiation biology offered to the students in our setting (Table 2). When the first two classes were polled during their studies as to what they wanted to do after their degree, 69% indicated that they would be interested in a Ph.D. (Combs et al. 2019). Following their careers after graduation, we learned that eight of the past graduates have already started a Ph.D. in radiobiological research, and a further five of our more recent graduates are currently looking for a Ph.D. project. Three of the students with a medical degree before their Master’s degree decided to take their knowledge and interest in radiobiological research back to medicine to qualify as radiation oncologists. According to our latest feedback, other graduates started jobs in the industry, as trainee to be a medical physics expert or in government institutions.
The Role of Nonphysician Practitioners in Oncology
Published in Oncology Issues, 2020
There are some additional considerations for NPP services provided to radiation oncology patients. Because many of the services provided in radiation oncology are not just consultative and require supervision of staff and clinical skills, NPPs may not be qualified to provide specific supervision and/or work. For example, patients receiving radiation therapy can be evaluated to treat side effects; however, when the patient is seen once every five fractions for treatment management, this visit (code 77427) must be provided by the radiation oncologist. The guidelines within the AMA CPT® manual and the American Society for Radiation Oncology Safety is No Accident comprehensive reference guide support this practice.2,3 The American Society for Radiation Oncology further clarifies that every aspect of care for radiation oncology needs to be managed by a board‐certified radiation oncologist.