China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar, P.N. Plowman, Márta Korbonits, Ashley B. Grossman
Though the genetic abnormalities that lead to pituitary tumorigenesis are diverse and incompletely described to date, mutations in a variety of genes are known causes of pituitary adenomas or blastomas, either isolated or “as part of a syndrome.” The inherited conditions that, to date, are known to predispose to pituitary adenomas include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4), Carney complex, and MAX and mutations in DICER140 and succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) genes.41 In families with FIPA, some 20% show a mutation in the AIP gene, and such germline mutations are also seen in around 4% of patients with sporadic adenomas. In gigantism, the proportion showing AIP mutations rises to over 30%.
Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenoma
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Treatment options for pituitary adenomas consist of surgery, chemotherapy (e.g., somatostatin analogs, growth hormone receptor antagonists, and dopamine agonists), and/or radiotherapy, with the ultimate goals of achieving endocrinological remission and tumor size reduction [3,15].
Neurosurgery: Neuroendocrine lesions
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Geriatric Neuroanesthesia, 2019
The diagnosis of pituitary adenomas in elderly patient may be disguised by associated comorbid conditions and polypharmacy, and is usually missed more often than in younger adults (4). Despite the advancement of diagnostic tools, diagnosis of pituitary adenomas is delayed by several years after the onset of specific symptoms. There are various factors that contribute to such delay in elderly patients (3). Hypogonadism, which is the earliest and most common symptom in nonfunctioning adenomas, is usually clinically silent in postmenopausal women, and is often ascribed to the normal physiological decline in sexual function due to aging in men. Other symptoms due to pituitary hypofunction, such as hypothyroidism and hypoadrenalism, are also not so prominent in elderly patients. In addition, interpretation of the endocrinological and biochemical profile may be altered as compared to the younger population (14). Visual disturbances are the most common presenting symptom of pituitary tumor enlargement in younger patients. In elderly patients, this symptom is usually misinterpreted initially as having other age-related ocular pathologies, such as cataract and macular or retinal degeneration (3).
BP-1-102 and silencing of Fascin-1 by RNA interference inhibits the proliferation of mouse pituitary adenoma AtT20 cells via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/fascin-1 pathway
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
GuoDong Qian, Jian Xu, XiaoXu Shen, Yang Wang, Dong Zhao, XiaoChun Qin, Hong You, Qi Liu
Most benign tumors of pituitary adenomas are characterized by tumor growth and compression of surrounding tissues and secretion of hormones leading to abnormal hormones in the body. Thus, inhibition of tumor growth and reduction of hormone secretion are the main targets of treatment. At present, the treatment of pituitary tumors includes transsphenoidal surgery and drug therapy [18], but surgical treatment is sometimes contraindicated and ineffective [19]. Easy recurrence after surgery is a difficult point of treatment for pituitary tumors. Therefore, studying the growth mechanism of pituitary tumors can provide a new method for the treatment of pituitary tumors in the future. In this experiment, we selected two important genes that cause pituitary tumor growth, STAT3 and Fascin-1. Results showed that STAT3, Fascin-1 and N-cadherin were highly expressed in pituitary tumors, and E-cadherin was lowly expressed. The expression of Fascin-1 and N-cadherin decreased while the expression of E-cadherin increased after the expression of STAT3 protein was inhibited. The expression of STAT3 and N-cadherin decreased after the expression of Fascin-1 protein, and the expression of E-cadherin decreased. Inhibition of STAT3 and Fascin-1 expression effectively inhibited the proliferation of AtT20 cells, enhanced the apoptosis of AtT20 cells, and arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, thereby inhibiting the cell cycle progression. The same experiment also confirmed that BP-1-102 can effectively inhibit the expression of STAT3, inhibit the proliferation of pituitary tumor cells and induce the apoptosis of pituitary tumor cells.
Subclinical hemorrhagic nonfunctionning pituitary adenoma: pituitary gland function status, endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery, and outcomes
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Ming Wang, Yugang Jiang, Yang Cai, Huixuan Wu, Yong Peng
We retrospectively analyzed our series of 160 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for pituitary adenomas between June 2016 and June 2018 at our hospital. All patients underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) by a single experienced pituitary surgery team. Inclusion criteria required primary NFPAs with or without subclinical hemorrhage. Functional pituitary adenomas, recurrent pituitary adenomas, patients who received previous radiation therapy to the sella or parasellar area, patients who had less than a 3-month postoperative hormonal evaluation or missing image data were all excluded in this study (Acute apoplectic pituitary adenomas also excluded, the number of cases is too small for comparative analysis) . The diagnosis of NFPAs was confirmed by hormonal evaluation and histopathological as well as immunohistochemical studies. For the diagnosis of subclinical hemorrhagic pituitary adenoma, the following two criteria must be met: (1) absence of signs or symptoms of pituitary adenoma apoplexy including sudden onset of headache, nausea, blurred vision, or disturbance of consciousness; (2) MRI indicates isolated areas of hemorrhage that was later confirmed intra-operatively or pathological analysis. Compared to patients with non-hemorrhagic NFPAs, the incidence of subclinical hemorrhage in NFPAs, its effects on pituitary gland function and postoperative surgical outcomes were all analyzed. All patients were examined with a high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanners system for the sella and a 3.0-T MRI system for pituitary. This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University.
Visual outcome of surgically managed pituitary adenomas followed-up at the Yaoundé Central Hospital
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018
V. A. Njami, E. Epee, E. J. Nguifo Fongang, F. Bello, R. Ekoumelon, E. D. Bukam, E. Sobngwi, V. de P. Djientcheu
In Africa and Cameroon in particular, studies on sellar and parasellar lesions reveal an increasing prevalence of pituitary adenomas from 9 to 12%.7,8 Other studies in Senegal and Nigeria show the incidence to be 21% of all intracranial tumours and 76% of sellar and parasellar lesions.9,10 In Canada, Comptois et al. showed that visual field defects and headaches were the most common symptoms present in 126 patients presenting with non-functional pituitary adenomas.11 The prevalence of visual field defects ranged from 37 to 96% in a number of publications; bitemporal hemianopia being the most common visual field defect.12