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Special Locations
Published in Ashfaq A Marghoob, Ralph Braun, Natalia Jaimes, Atlas of Dermoscopy, 2023
Natalia Jaimes, Michael A. Marchetti
As mucosal melanoma is frequently detected at advanced stages, clinicians should carefully examine any new, changing, solitary, or raised pigmented lesion on a mucosal surface that is brought to their attention. Particular caution is recommended when evaluating lesions with these characteristics in older individuals to rule out malignancy. Lesions that are clinically large, irregular, asymmetrical, or ill-defined may benefit from the use of dermoscopy during the physical examination. Dermoscopy findings suspicious for melanoma include lesions with blue, gray or white color, structureless areas, and a chaotic/disorganized appearance (i.e., the presence of at least two or three colors and structures).
Malignant Melanoma
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Mucosal melanoma is the rarest form of melanoma and represents less than 1.5% of all cases of malignant melanoma with an incidence of 2.6 cases per million in Europe. The incidence of mucosal melanoma has remained stable over time. The incidence of mucosal melanoma increases with age and 50% of cases are diagnosed after the age of 70. There is a female preponderance probably due to the occurrence of mucosa melanoma within the female genital tract. In terms of ethnicity, those from an Afro-Caribbean, Far Eastern, or Hispanic descent are more likely to develop mucosal melanoma than cutaneous or uveal melanomas, although the overall incidence remains higher in white non-Hispanic populations.
Skin cancer
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
The site distribution in men and women differs as shown in Figure 19.10. Mucosal melanoma is rare and described in the upper aerodigestive tract, anus and vagina. Melanoma of the choroid of the eye is also described as the pigment cells which is homologous with those of the skin.
Gene mutations and clinical prognosis of mucosal melanoma in different locations of head and neck
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Wei Guo, Gaofei Yin, Chuanliang Cui, Yan Kong, Zhigang Huang, Xiaohong Chen
From June 2005 to August 2019, 96 patients (54 men and 42 women) with head and neck mucosal melanoma who were treated in our hospital were included in this study. All patients received surgical treatment in our hospital and were pathologically diagnosed with mucosal melanoma. The following data were collected and summarized from the patients’ medical history: diagnosis and treatment, relevant auxiliary examinations, pathological changes and follow-up information. Age of onset was 29–84 years, and median age was 60 years. The primary sites of tumors were as follows: nasal cavity/paranasal sinus in 74 patients; other locations (nasopharynx, inner canthus, nasolacrimal duct, tongue, vocal cord, epiglottis) in 22 patients. According to TNM staging, there were 51 patients with T3N0M0, 29 patients with T4aN0M0, 4 patients with T4aN1M0, 10 patients with T4bN0M0, and 2 patients with T4bN1M0. This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of the hospital (TRECKY2018-059) and all patients gave written informed consent. All patient information is preserved strictly.
Matched analysis of the prognosis of amelanotic and pigmented melanoma in head and neck
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Wei Guo, Gaofei Yin, Hongfei Liu, Hanyuan Duan, Zhigang Huang, Xiaohong Chen
Mucosal melanoma is a rare malignant tumour type. Head and neck mucosal melanoma accounts for about 40% of mucosal melanoma [1], and the 5-year survival rate is less than 20% [2]. At present, the clinical diagnosis and treatment of mucosal melanoma are still under investigation, so it is necessary to study the stratification of this special tumour type. In addition to the type of location, melanoma can be classified into amelanotic melanoma (AM) and pigmented melanoma according to the absence or presence of pathological cytoplasmic melanin granules. Due to the low incidence of AM and the diversity of morphologies, it is easy to misdiagnose benign and malignant tumours. This not only increases the difficulty of clinical treatment, but also affects the prognosis of patients with different types of tumour. To explore the influence of this special type of head and neck mucosal melanoma on clinical prognosis, we analyzed data from patients with amelanotic and pigmented melanoma at our center.
Impact of adjuvant therapy on survival for sinonasal mucosal melanoma
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Yuting Lai, Xinjun Meng, Quan Liu, Hanyu Lu, Limin Guo, Shuyi Wang, Dehui Wang
Mucosal melanoma is a rare malignancy that arises from melanocytes on the mucosal surface and is characterized as an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. More than half of mucosal melanomas originate from the head and neck, and 66% of these tumors are located in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses [1]. The 5-year overall survival of sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is less than 40%, the local recurrence rate is approximately 50%, and metastasis is common [2]. The poor prognosis of SNMM is attributed to a combination of a lack of symptoms in the early stages, high aggressiveness, rarity and the uncertainty of definitive effective treatment regimens, which present a treatment challenge for otolaryngologists.