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Gastrointestinal Diseases
Published in Victor A. Bernstam, Pocket Guide to GENE LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS in Clinical Practice, 2019
The nm23 gene encodes a potential tumor metastasis suppressor; it is expressed in normal colonic mucosa and its expression rises early in colon carcinogenesis and remains increased in metastatic colon cancers, suggesting that, in the colon, a dissociation of nm23 gene expression from loss of tumor metastatic competence occurs in a tissue-specific manner.
Analysis of Molecular Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer by Artificial Neural Networks
Published in Raouf N.G. Naguib, Gajanan V. Sherbet, Artificial Neural Networks in Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Patient Management, 2001
B. Angus, T.W.J. Lennard, R.N.G. Naguib, G.V. Sherbet
Among the notable putative genetic determinants are the h-mts1 (also known as CAPL and S100A4) and nm23 genes, which appear to influence the invasive and metastatic potential of tumours. The h-mts1 and its murine homologue 18A2/mts1 encode a Ca2+-binding protein belonging to the S-100 protein family [61]. The expression of these genes has been found to correlate strongly with the proliferative potential and invasive and metastatic behaviour of human cancer cell lines as well as murine tumour cell lines [61–70]. nm23 is a putative metastasis suppressor gene whose expression has been found to correlate inversely with metastatic potential of some forms of human cancer. nm23 was first identified in murine melanoma cell lines where it was found to be associated with low metastatic potential [71]. Subsequently it was shown that the protein possessed nonspecific nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, and that in humans there were two forms of the protein: nm23-H1 and nm23-H2.
GENETIC CHANGES IN CANCER
Published in James Bishop, Cancer Facts, 1999
The least well-described genetic changes in cancer are those involved in metastasis. The metastatic phenotype has been associated with both metastasis-producing genes and metastasis suppressor genes. An example of the latter is KA1\, which belongs to a structurally distinct family of cell surface glycoproteins involved in a range of biological functions including cellular adhesi�n, migration and invasiveness (entry no. 600623 in ref. 3).
Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein Inhibit Migration and Invasion via Induction of Autophagy in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines (MCF7 and T47D)
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Hui-Yuan Lu, Jian-Sheng Zhu, Jing Xie, Zhan Zhang, Jun Zhu, Shan Jiang, Wei-Jian Shen, Bin Wu, Tao Ding, Shou-Lin Wang
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation process known to promote the metabolic adaption of cells. Recent studies have illustrated that autophagy plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including BC (30). Autophagy is a double-edged sword for tumor therapy. While autophagy sometimes may act as a tumor promoter (15), it is more commonly believed to function as a tumor suppressor in the metastasis of BC (31). Previous research showed that tetrandrine could elevate autophagy and inhibit proliferation through the inhibition of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in BC MDA-MB-231 cells (32). Jia et al demonstrated that quercetin effectively suppressed cell invasion and migration via AKT-mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy induction in BC MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (33). Corresponding to these findings, our previous study also indicated that HT and OL inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells via the induction of autophagy (14). HGF, together with its receptor tyrosine kinase MET, was reported to sustain proliferation and promote invasion and metastasis by blocking autophagy during malignant transformation in liver cancer (34). In addition, HGF could also contribute to bone metastasis from BC via autophagy failure (35), which was consistent with our study showing that HGF functioned as a potent cell autophagy inhibitor to increase the closure of scratched monolayers, migration and invasion in MCF-7 and T47D cells. Rapa, as an autophagy agonist, has been found to inhibit cell growth, invasion and colony ability in BC cells (36). In contrast, 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, could accelerate the aggressiveness of triple-negative BC cells (37). Corresponding to previous research, our study indicated that Rapa was a metastasis suppressor, while 3-MA was a metastasis activator in MCF-7 and T47D cells.
Impact of laparoscopy on the biological behavior and gene expression of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2017
Shouguo Huang, Jie Qin, Jin Chen, Hong Cheng, Qiu Meng, Jing Zhang, Haiyan Wang
Metastasis suppressor genes are defined by their capacity to inhibit metastasis without affecting the growth of the primary tumor. Nm23-H1 [16–18] was the first metastasis suppressor discovered in a mouse tumor model and it has been widely studied in many human tumor samples. In humans, nm23 has two subunits, nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 [16,18,19]. The expression of nm23-H1 in malignant tumors with lymph node metastasis is significantly lower than that without lymph node metastasis [17–20].
Prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma and their clinical implications
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2018
Charupong Saengboonmee, Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth, Yaovalux Chamgramol, Sopit Wongkham
Metastasis is a complex cellular process involving numerous signaling pathways, either stimulation of metastasis-promoting genes or inhibition of metastasis suppressor genes. Some biomarkers are correlated with the favorable outcome of CCA patients after treatments. These biomarkers frequently are tumor suppressor proteins or oncogene regulators. High expression levels of these molecules suggest a better OS of CCA patients and may be used as good prognostic markers for CCA.