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Medical evaluation and management of pregnant patients undergoing non-obstetrical surgery
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Brain neoplasms requiring neurosurgical intervention in pregnancy is an uncommon event. There are approximately 90 to 100 cases reported annually in pregnant patients in the United States (95). Most benign lesions will not require surgical interventions during pregnancy and definitive treatment may sometimes be delayed until pregnancy has been completed (95,96). If malignant neoplasm is suspected and is potentially operable, surgery should not be delayed and intervention is warranted. Benign lesions that cause significant symptoms such as increased intracranial pressure, intractable headaches, or disk disease may require surgical intervention during pregnancy.
Embryonal Tumors
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Proton beam radiotherapy is an attractive option, if available.60,61 While an increasing number of centers are acquiring this technology, costs and geographic distance limit this option for many children. Proton therapy provides the necessary conformality for this complex and large target volume while avoiding even low to moderate dose of radiation to adjacent and distant normal organs. This appears to lessen the risk of second malignant neoplasm, a significant problem for survivors of childhood cancers.62,63
The Many Faces of Neoplasia
Published in Jeremy R. Jass, Understanding Pathology, 2020
The distinction between a benign and malignant neoplasm would seem to be of practical and fundamental importance. However, in the case of common neoplasms (the vast majority), the pathologist passes directly to the final diagnosis without troubling to identify all the features indicative of benign or malignant behaviour. The final diagnosis conveys prognostic significance because the behaviour of most types of neoplasm (benign or malignant) is well established. When the pathologist encounters a new or rare entity, however, it will be necessary to revisit the fundamental characteristics of benign versus malignant tumours. There are a number of neoplasms that, even today, cannot be categorised as being benign or malignant, but fall into a borderline category. It is usual to place some ovarian neoplasms and neoplasms derived from smooth muscle within this borderline group.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4-inhibitor treatment was associated with a reduced incidence of neoplasm in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of 115 randomized controlled trials with 121961 participants
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2022
Zonglin Li, Chu Lin, Jinyu Zhou, Xiaoling Cai, Xingyun Zhu, Suiyuan Hu, Fang Lv, Wenjia Yang, Linong Ji
In general, it was indicated that DPP-4i treatment was associated with a significantly decreased incidence of overall neoplasm events in patients with T2D when compared with other hypoglycemic agents or placebo (OR = 0.91, 95%CI, 0.8 to 0.97, I2 = 0%) (Table 1, Figure S2). However, as for the nature of the neoplasm, compared with non-DPP-4i treatment groups, no difference was found in the incidence of benign neoplasm (OR = 0.89, 95%CI, 0.64 to 1.23, I2 = 0%) or in the incidence of malignant neoplasm (OR = 0.93, 95%CI, 0.87 to 1.01, I2 = 0%) (Table 1, Figure S3) with DPP-4i treatment. With respect to the neoplasm site, when compared with non-DPP-4i treatment, the incidence of rectal neoplasm (OR = 0.58, 95%CI, 0.37 to 0.93, I2 = 0%), or the incidence of skin neoplasm (OR = 0.85, 95%CI, 0.72 to 0.99, I2 = 0%) was significantly decreased in patients with DPP-4i treatment. No significant difference was found between DPP-4i users and non-users concerning the rest of 18 predefined neoplasm sites (Table 1).
Primary leiomyosarcoma of cervical spine invading the vertebra without obvious osteoclasia: Case report and literature review
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Han Sun, Min Zhuang, Dong Cheng, Chenlei Zhu, Zhiwei Liu, Xubin Qiu
Leiomyosarcoma is a kind of soft-tissue sarcoma. Their aggressive nature and hematogenous spreading propensity lead to their definition of malignant neoplasm, which also contribute to the poor prognosis. The 5-year survival rate for leiomyosarcomas is about 38–60%, with metastases occurring in at least 50%. Leiomyosarcoma usually occurs in soft tissues of extremities and trunk. Primary leiomyosarcoma of head and neck is rare, with a ratio of only approximately 3%.4 Furthermore, primary leiomyosarcoma of the cervical spine is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there are only three reported cases of primary leiomyosarcoma in cervical spine invading the spinal canal and vertebra before.1–3 The characteristics of these three cases of primary cervical spine leiomyosarcoma are summarized in Table 1.
Update on diagnosis and management of neoplastic pericardial disease
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2020
Stefano Avondo, Alessandro Andreis, Matteo Casula, Massimo Imazio
Pericardial neoplasms can be classified as primary or secondary. Metastatic tumors are 100 to 1000-fold more frequent than primary neoplasms [1]. The most common secondary causes are lung or breast cancer, supradiaphragmatic lymphoma, pleural mesothelioma, and melanomas. Indeed, in patients with late-stage cancer, a secondary cardiac involvement can be identified in up to 14% cases [2,3]. Primary pericardial tumors are uncommon, with a 0.02% to 0.06% incidence in autoptic studies and account for 6.7–12.8% of all tumors [4–7]. The most common primary malignant neoplasm is mesothelioma (about 50% of all primary tumors) [8,9], followed by sarcoma, lymphoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Among benign tumors, pericardial cysts and lipomas are the most common, followed by teratomas, fibromas, hemangiomas, and lymphangiomas [10–12]. The main characteristics are reported in Table 1.