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Practice circuit 1
Published in T. Justin Clark, Arri Coomarasamy, Justin Chu, Paul Smith, Get Through MRCOG Part 3, 2019
T. Justin Clark, Arri Coomarasamy, Justin Chu, Paul Smith
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer and should be familiar to all gynaecologists. The overall survival for endometrial cancer is good with 90% surviving 1 year and 80% surviving 5 years. This is because presentation often occurs at an early stage, usually with abnormal uterine bleeding. To stage the cancer, imaging is required usually in the form of an MRI scan. Once the MRI is performed, there will be a discussion of the imaging and histology in the MDT to decide further management. Further management will usually involve a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without lymph node dissection. Where the hysterectomy is performed and whether this is done laparoscopically will depend on the stage, type of cancer and size of the uterus.
The epidemiology of cancer
Published in Mark R Baker, Modernising Cancer Services, 2018
John Wilkinson, Anita Hatfield
Ovarian cancer is the commonest gynaecological cancer in women. In 1996, a total of 5720 new cases were diagnosed. Ovarian cancer causes around 4000 deaths each year, and 90% of cases occur in women over 45 years of age (most are postmenopausal, with a peak incidence at 65-75 years of age). This cancer is linked with breast cancer genes (seeChapter 3), and is currently subject to a trial of screening.
Gynaecology
Published in Andrew Stevens, James Raftery, Gynaecology Health Care Needs Assessment, 2018
Although there is no evidence from trials of gynaecological cancers the specialist reports and the expert advisory group on cancer95 all advocate the concentration of oncology services. This would appear necessary on several counts. A critical number of cases of each type of gynaecological cancer would be referred to enable appropriate training of surgeons, radiotherapists, oncologists and nurse specialists. This quantity of work would also enable audit to occur and for patients to be routinely randomized to trials. Even within these centres there may not be the expertise to deal with the very rare tumours and the identification of supra-regional centres for referral should be in place e.g. chorionic carcinoma. Details of the expert advisory group on cancer’s consultation document are outlined in Appendix VII as they will determine the model of service in the future, although local adaptations may be necessary.
Awareness of gynaecological cancer and factors affecting in women: a cross-sectional study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Belma Toptaş Acar, Emine Gerçek Öter, Hilal Şanli Çolakoğlu
Gynaecological cancers are the second most common causes of morbidity and mortality in women following breast cancer (Reis et al. 2010; Bray et al. 2018). The World Health Organization (2018) reported that the most frequent form of gynaecological cancer is cervical cancer. According to the Health Statistics Yearbook published by the Turkish Ministry of Health (The Ministry of Health of Turkey Health Statistics Yearbook 2019), the most common gynaecological cancer is cancer of the corpus uteri, the second most common is ovarian cancer and the third most common is cervical cancer. In the database of Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence 2018 (GLOBOCAN), cervical cancer is the most frequent form of gynaecological cancer, while the second most is cancer of the corpus uteri and the third most frequent is ovarian cancer. It has been reported that there were more than 1.2 million new cases of gynaecological cancers and about 600,000 deaths from these cancers.
Validation of the Lymphoedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (LYMQOL) in Swedish cancer patients
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2020
Madelene Wedin, Mats Fredrikson, Eva Ahlner, Annika Falk, Åsa Sandström, Gabriel Lindahl, Per Rosenberg, Preben Kjølhede
A strength of this study is that it addressed both the arm and leg versions of the LYMQOL, equivalent to the original LYMQOL validation. Another important strength is that the participants were enrolled consecutively with around 75% agreeing to participate. Except for the request for proficiency in Swedish no selection of participants was carried out. All participants had clinically confirmed lymphoedema and were being treated by professional lymphoedema therapists in outpatient rehabilitation clinics. Moreover, they had varying degrees of lymphoedema, which enabled us to evaluate the association between the degrees of lymphoedema and the outcomes of the LYMQOL. Thus, we were able to show that a higher degree of lymphoedema was associated with a higher score in the LYMQOL. The low number of participants with perceived severe lymphoedema in the arm group might be seen as a limitation of the study. Other limitations, which might reduce the external generalisation, were the uneven gender distribution. Breast and gynaecological cancer constituted the vast majority of the cancer diagnoses and consequently women constituted more than 94% of the participants. The LYMQOL does not reflect the impact of lymphoedema of the feet, hands, lower trunk and genital area or the neck and head. This might be considered as a limitation and was also recognised by Keeley et al. [7].
Caesarean section operation is not associated with myometrial hypertrophy–a prospective cohort study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Ayman A. A. Ewies, Shahin Qadri, Rachna Awasthi, Ulisses Zanetto
Inclusion criteria were total hysterectomy (laparoscopic, abdominal or vaginal), age ≤ 50 years and premenopausal status. Menopause was defined as cessation of menstruation for ≥ one year in a woman who is not pregnant or lactating. Exclusion criteria were: (i) Age > 50 years, (ii) Gynaecological cancer, (iii) Previous open myomectomy, (iv) Fibroid >2 cm diagnosed on ultrasound scan and/or macroscopic assessment of hysterectomy specimen, (v) Adenomyosis on histological assessment, and/or (vi) Not providing written consent. Women were excluded based on clinical assessment or during histological assessment of the specimens since some pathology may be not clearly identifiable clinically or by ultrasound scan as adenomyosis or small fibroids.