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Radiology of Brain Tumors
Published in Swati Goyal, Neuroradiology, 2020
AstrocytomaLow-grade astrocytoma (Kernohan grade 1,2)Pilocytic astrocytomaPleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA)Anaplastic astrocytoma (Kernohan grade 3)Glioblastoma multiforme (Kernohan grade 4)Gliosarcoma
Interstitial Microwave Hyperthermia for the Treatment of Brain Tumors *
Published in Leopold J. Anghileri, Jacques Robert, Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment, 2019
Bernard E. Lyons, John W. Strohbehn, David W. Roberts, Terence Z. Wong, Richard H. Britt
To evaluate the IMAAH system, a large animal brain tumor model was required. The Avian sarcoma virus (ASV)-induced brain tumor model was chosen for a variety of reasons: the induced tumors are autochthonous (ie., located in the site of original formation); the blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations are similar to human brain tumors; and the spectrum of histological tumor types induced is similar to human brain tumor morphology.59–60 The site of tumor growth can be precisely controlled based on the location of viral inoculation. Moreover, the histological type is also dependent on the site of inoculation. Deep anaplastic astrocytomas are induced when the virus is injected into the periventricular subependymal plate, whereas fibrosarcomas result when virus inoculation occurs in the subarachnoid or subdural space either superficially in the meninges, or deep — adjacent to the lateral ventricles.59 A mixed-type tumor (gliosarcoma) can also develop when the virus incorporates into both epithelial and mesenchymal cells within the injected brain tissue.61
Glioblastoma
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
The 2016 update of the WHO classification of central nervous system tumors incorporates both molecular parameters (particularly isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH] status) and histopathologic features [1]. Molecularly, glioblastoma is a heterogeneous disease with many subtypes, including glioblastoma, IDH wild-type (consisting of giant cell glioblastoma, gliosarcoma, and epithelioid glioblastoma); glioblastoma, IDH mutant type; and glioblastoma not otherwise specified (NOS), in which full IDH evaluation cannot be performed [1,2].
Subcortical deafness as a subtype of auditory agnosia after injury of bilateral auditory radiations caused by two cerebrovascular accidents – normal auditory brainstem responses with I–VII waves and abolished consciousness of hearing –
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Ryohei Akiyoshi, Mitsuko Shindo, Kimitaka Kaga
Why can patients not hear any sound at all despite normal auditory signal processing from the inner ear to the inferior colliculus? It was suggested that the ascending auditory pathway is a specific pathway. Siebenmann reported about midbrain deafness in his male patient in 1896 [15]. The patient suffered from gliosarcoma originating in the pineal body. He was not able to respond to any sound after the volume of the tumor increased rapidly. It is suggested that there was no other pathway from the inner ear to the inferior colliculus. This suggestion is reasonable for these previous reports about midbrain deafness and for our three cases of cortical deafness. Hence, it suggested that the auditory pathway is a rigid auditory pathway to the auditory cortex. Along the auditory pathway, there are corticofugal projections from the auditory cortex, which form the descending auditory pathway. Corticofugal neuronal networks in the auditory pathway are formed in the cortico-amygdala, cortico-striatum, cortico-thalamus, cortico-midbrain, and cortico-pons in the view of functional correlation.