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Collaborative Improvement of Cancer Services in Southeastern Sweden
Published in Paul Batalden, Tina Foster, Sustainably Improving Health Care, 2022
Johan Thor, Charlotte Lundgren, Paul Batalden, Boel Andersson Gäre, Göran Henriks, Rune Sjödahl, Felicia Gabrielsson Järhult
As with all breakthrough collaboratives, a key ingredient in the demonstration project is learning from the approach and experience of participating peers. The Kalmar County Council shared an approach for expedient diagnostic assessment of patients with suspected gastrointestinal cancer, developed prior to the demonstration project. Rather than taking a traditional, sequential approach with multiple separate diagnostic steps, patients referred for speedy assessment undergo all necessary tests as in-patients during 2–3 days at the hospital in Oskarshamn. In a similar vein, a group of clinicians and managers in the Östergötland County Council set out to enhance the diagnostic services there, by developing the Abdominal Cancer Diagnostic Unit.
Endoscopic Biopsy Demonstrating High-Grade Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
Prior to intervention, accurate estimation of the Barrett’s esophagus segment is warranted coupled with the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia confirmed by two pathologists on two consecutive biopsies obtained at the time of endoscopy or endoscopic mucosal resection. The Barrett’s esophagus segment should be carefully examined for its mucosal pattern, any mucosal irregularities, and nodules, and suspicious areas should be targeted for additional biopsies or endoscopic mucosal resection (Figure 2.3). Before proceeding to definitive therapy, review and discussion in an upper gastrointestinal cancer multidisciplinary team meeting is advised.
Dietary Isoflavones-Mechanism and Efficacy in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Richa Dayaramani, Jayvadan K. Patel
Gastrointestinal cancer is referred to as a malignant disease of GIT and related organs, which commonly includes stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal neoplasm, ulcerating antralneoplasia, and so on [55]. Stomach cancer is the second major type of cancer affecting the people worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death [56,57]. While the colorectal cancer is considered as the third primary type of cancer in both women and men, a report by the American Chemical Society, “Cancer Facts and Figures 2012,” claims increasing incidences of pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. These data are supported by a recent report “Global Cancer Statistics 2018,” that in 2018, the incidences of colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer increase by 9.2%, 8.2%, and 8.2, respectively [58]. In this sequence, some of the food, nutrients, and dietary supplements drag the attention of scientists and researchers because of their ability to prevent the occurrence, delay the onset, and treat disease condition [59].
Birthweight, genetic risk, and gastrointestinal cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Lu Long, Heng He, Qian Shen, Hongxia Peng, Xiaorui Zhou, Haoxue Wang, Shanshan Zhang, Shifan Qin, Zequn Lu, Ying Zhu, Jianbo Tian, Jiang Chang, Xiaoping Miao, Na Shen, Rong Zhong
Gastrointestinal cancer has represented over one-quarter of the global cancer incidence, with an estimated 5.5 million new cases worldwide in 2020 [1]. It includes mouth cancer, esophagus cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, biliary duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. In recent years, colorectal, liver, and stomach cancers have been the second, third, and fourth leading causes of cancer deaths, just behind lung cancer [1,2]. Moreover, cancers of mouth, esophagus, biliary tract, and pancreas have also become a growing global concern due to increasing incidence and poor prognosis [3–7]. Generally, several factors including age, sex, family history, smoking, and alcohol intake have been reported to contribute to the development of gastrointestinal cancer [8]. However, more than 20% of liver cancers, more than 40% of colon and stomach cancers, more than 60% of gallbladder cancers, and more than 70% of pancreatic cancers could not be explained by these known risk factors [8]. In view of the high incidence and aggressive nature of gastrointestinal cancer, to identify the ‘high risk population’ as early as possible is crucial for strategies of cancer prevention.
Biologics in rectal cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Alexandre A Jácome, Renata D’Alpino Peixoto, Mariana V Gil, Juliana Ominelli, Gabriel Prolla, Rodrigo Dienstmann, Cathy Eng
The larger the extension of the rectal cancer, the larger the role of systemic therapy in the management of the disease. T1-2N0 tumors are highly curable by local therapies, which offer high rates of disease-free survival. Nevertheless, unfortunately, only approximately one-third of the patients are diagnosed with early-stage disease at presentation. Therefore, systemic therapy has a prominent role in the current management of rectal cancer, and improvements in this field are urgently needed in order to improve the clinical outcomes of this highly prevalent gastrointestinal cancer. The modest advances observed in the surgical and radiation therapy techniques in the past few decades show us that improvements in the survival rates of patients with LARC lie on the therapeutic development of biological therapy.
Preoperative Nutritional Status in Elderly Inpatients with Gastrointestinal Cancer and Its Linear Association with Frailty
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Qianqian Zhang, Shihui Yu, Qingfeng Li, Meng Zhang, Lei Meng, Shaohua Hu
Malnutrition is common in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, with a prevalence ranging from 52% to 80.4% (1–3). Several studies have shown that malnutrition was associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including increased infections (4), immunocompromised state (5), readmissions (6), prolonged hospital stay, and higher in-hospital mortality (7). Gastrointestinal cancer patients are more likely to suffer from malnutrition, partly because of obstruction, diarrhea, and malabsorption. Additionally, the prevalence of malnutrition is higher in elderly cancer patients than in younger ones, as the former might experience more dysphagia and metabolic changes (8). Therefore, in order to improve the nutritional support for malnourished patients as early as possible, and prevent or reduce adverse clinical outcomes, patients should have their nutritional statuses screened early when receiving cancer treatments, as recommended by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) (9).