China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Therapeutic effectiveness
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
“In malignant melanoma clinically spontaneous regression often heralded by sudden onset of irregular halo around tumour” (Rossi, 1996, p. 259). Tumors are divided into two groups, one is relatively innocuous tumors designated as benign and the other more rapidly growing, dangerous and destructive tumors known as malignant. The synonym of malignant tumor is cancer. Benign tumors have no metastases and very little tissue destruction while cancer has widespread metastases and much tissue destruction. “Ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor of neurological tissue while neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor. As a rare but remarkable event, neuroblastoma may undergo a form of self cure by maturing into a ganglioneuroma” (Lennox, 1976, p. 302) or “may regress spontaneously” (Blossom et al., 1997, p. 966). “Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumour. In some instances removal of primary tumour has been followed by apparently spontaneous disappearance of metastasis” (Lennox, 1976, p. 307).
Mediastinal masses
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Brent R. Weil, Robert C. Shamberger
Solid tumors in the posterior mediastinum should be resected. For thoracic neuroblastoma, this is a major component of its treatment. The requirement for radiation therapy or chemotherapy will depend on the age of the child, the presence of metastatic disease, and the cytogenetic findings of the tumor, particularly amplification of the MYCN oncogene or normal ploidy, both of which predict an aggressive tumor. Ganglioneuroma and ganglioneuroblastoma, while benign tumors, may grow locally, may erode the ribs, and may extend into the spinal canal producing neurologic symptoms. While these benign lesions are often identified when asymptomatic, resection generally is recommended to establish diagnosis and prevent local extension. A paraganglioma (extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma) should be removed to control the systemic manifestations of neuropeptide production. The patient should be well prepared for surgery with alpha- and beta-blocking agents and volume repletion. Pulmonary sequestrations are generally resected to obtain a definitive pathologic diagnosis, to treat the arteriovenous shunt which may be present, and to avoid infection in the intralobar sequestrations.
Mediastinal tumours
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Tumours of the autonomic nervous system arise from neuronal cells rather than from the nerve sheath. They form a continuum ranging from benign encapsulated ganglioneuroma to aggressive malignant non-encapsulated neuroblastoma. Derived from embryologic origins, these tumours arise in the adrenal glands or in the sympathetic ganglia. However, ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas arise mostly in the sympathetic ganglia of the posterior mediastinum (165). Fifty percent of neuroblastomas arise in the adrenal glands and up to 30% in the mediastinum (165,166).
Bilateral adrenal primary tumor in Stage 4S neuroblastoma: The Italian experience and review of the literature
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Shana Montalto, Fiammetta Sertorio, Marta Podda, Stefania Sorrentino, Andrea Di Cataldo, Massimo Provenzi, Antonella Nonnis, Carmelita D’Ippolito, Maria Valeria Corrias, Bruno De Bernardi
An observation strategy was chosen for cases 1 to 5 (Table 3). Case 1 was characterized by numerous skin nodules, some of which continued to increase and required surgical ablation. In addition, the right adrenal mass grew very slowly and was eventually removed at 19 years from diagnosis, histology showing mature ganglioneuroma. Case 2 experienced spontaneous regression of all tumor lesions. Case 3, who had MYCN gene amplification, showed liver progression unsuccessfully treated with chemotherapy and eventually died. Case 4 developed liver progression and skin lesions and was successfully treated with chemotherapy. In case 5, the bilateral adrenal masses were discovered by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (Figure 1). Liver and skin lesions became evident at 2 months and were biopsied. Liver, skin, and left adrenal mass regressed without therapy, however a residual right adrenal mass is still present.
Primary Adrenal Epithelioid Sarcoma in a Child: A Case Report with Literature Review
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Vidya Monappa, Varun Kumar Singh, Arun Chawla
An 11-year-old male child presented with complaints of right side loin pain and abdominal fullness of one month duration. A non-tender, immobile mass was palpable per abdomen on the right side extending up to the umbilicus. There were no associated palpable lymph nodes. Computerized tomography of abdomen and pelvis revealed a well-defined complex cystic lesion with a heterogeneously enhancing solid peripheral component in the right suprarenal region measuring 10.8 × 10.8 × 13.5 cm, extending from the level of ninth thoracic to third lumbar vertebral body (Figure 1). The right adrenal gland was not separately visualized. The lesion was seen compressing the upper pole of right kidney, right lateral and posterior abdominal wall with effaced fat planes. It abutted the liver parenchyma, renal vein and suprarenal portion of the IVC. No significant abdominal lymphadenopathy or metastatic foci were noted. Radiological diagnostic possibilities of neuroblastoma or paraganglioma/ganglioneuroma were suggested. His serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were 706 U/l (125–220 U/L), and 24-hurine vanillylmandelic acid was 3.2 mg (2–8mg/24 h).
Giant spinal nerve sheath tumours – Surgical challenges: case series and literature review
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Ming-Te Lee, Sasan Panbehchi, Priyank Sinha, Jagan Rao, Neil Chiverton, Marcel Ivanov
Nerve sheath tumors (NST) are the most common spinal tumors, making up almost a third of all primary spinal tumours.1,2 They are usually small, solitary benign tumours that are relatively easy to resect and are usually associated with a good post-operative outcome.3 This group of tumours includes the more commonly encountered neurofibroma, schwannoma and the rarer ganglioneuroma. Peak incidence for NST is between 20 to 40 years of age with no significant gender predisposition.2,4 Patients may be asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally or may present with radiculopathy, myelopathy, sensory/motor disturbance or spinal deformity. This review focuses on spinal giant nerve sheath tumours (GNST), which are a rare entity. As such, there is a dearth of high level evidence in the literature regarding their management. GSNT present as a surgical challenge as they often involve anatomical regions outside of the traditional “comfort zone” of a spinal surgeon.