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Diabetic Neuropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Symptoms of small fiber predominant neuropathy most often include pain, with or without burning, paresthesia, tingling, and loss of sensation. The pain sometimes occurs in short “bursts.” Pain can be triggered by touching objects, including bedding or clothing. Early symptoms are often mild. Sometimes, small fiber neuropathy disrupts autonomic functions, including regulation of BP, digestion, and urinary function. Balance and strength are not affected. If autonomic nerve fibers are affected, symptoms may include constipation, inability to sweat normally, dizziness, dry eyes or mouth, incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and skin discoloration.
Diabetes
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Autonomic nerves are those that help to control key functions of the body’s organs such as the beating of the heart and the peristaltic movements of the gastrointestinal system, which carries food down through the body. Damage to these nerves includes irregular heart beatsbloating, diarrhoea or constipation due to poor peristalsisincontinence due to being unable to control the bladderimpotence due to being unable to sustain an erectionproblems with sweating such as intolerance to heat or reduced ability to sweat
Robotic Rectal Cancer Surgery
Published in Haribhakti Sanjiv, Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, 2020
SP Somashekhar, K Rajagopal Ashwin
The autonomic nerves consist of the paired sympathetic hypogastric nerve, sacral splanchnic nerves, and the pelvic autonomic nerve plexus. The superior hypogastric plexus is located ventrally to the abdominal aorta a t the origin of IMA and later bifurcates to form right and left hypogastric nerves just proximal to at the sacral hollow. The hypogastric nerves, which derive from the superior hypogastric plexus, carry the sympathetic signals to the internal urethral and anal sphincters, as well as to the pelvic visceral proprioception. The pelvic splanchnic nerves from S2 to S4 carry nociceptive and parasympathetic signals to the bladder, rectum, and colon. The hypogastric and pelvic splanchnic nerves merge into the pararectal fossae to form the inferior hypogastric plexus [16].
Comprehensive viewpoints on heart rate variability at high altitude
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2023
Jun Hou, Keji Lu, Peiwen Chen, Peng Wang, Jing Li, Jiali Yang, Qing Liu, Qiang Xue, Zhaobing Tang, Haifeng Pei
Autonomic nerves are extensively distributed throughout various tissues and organs, playing a crucial role in regulating the physiological functions of the human body. Dysfunctions of autonomic nerves are associated with the development of numerous diseases when the body experiences hypoxia. High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a severe non-cardiogenic condition characterized by pulmonary edema, which can be life-threatening and is caused by low atmospheric pressure and hypoxia at high altitudes. When individuals rapidly ascend to high altitudes, their lungs face excessive stress within a short period, which can trigger HAPE (95). Exposure to high altitude hypoxia results in increased sensitivity of the pulmonary vascular system to the sympathetic nervous system and endothelin, while the response to vasodilators diminishes, leading to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. This constriction increases pulmonary artery pressure, potentially exacerbating HAPE (86,96). Furthermore, acute hypoxia and decreased oxygen saturation can cause ventricular diastolic dysfunction, resulting in HAPE. This condition is characterized by a decrease in HRV, an increase in the LF/HF ratio, and other symptoms (97–99).
Interaction of bone and brain: osteocalcin and cognition
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Misa Nakamura, Masakazu Imaoka, Masatoshi Takeda
In addition to the autonomic nerves, the involvement of sensory nerves has also been reported. Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A), a known chemorepellent, is a molecule belonging to the semaphorin family that is secreted from neurons and determines the directionality of axonal outgrowth in developmental processes [31]. Fukuda et al. reported that in systemic and nerve-specific Sema3A-deficient mice, a decrease in bone mass was observed as bone formation decreased. In addition, in nerve-specific Sema3A-deficient mice, in addition to the fact that the projection of the sensory nervous system was not only physically reduced, functional sensory nerve abnormalities were revealed [32]. In other words, it has been suggested that the sensory nerves in bone not only function as sensory receptors, but also play an important role in bone mass regulation [33] (see Figure 1).
Effect of Laparoscopic Nerve-Sparing Radical Hysterectomy on Bladder Function Recovery
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Qing Liu, Peiquan Li, Yuxin Sun, Shu Zhang, Kaijiang Liu
Urinary functions of bladder were controlled by pelvic autonomic nerves, which are consisted of the epigastric plexus, the abdominal nerve, the pelvic visceral nerve, and the lower dorsal plexus and the branches. Pelvic autonomic nerves contain both of sympathetic nerves (T12-L1) and parasympathetic nerves (S2–S4). Epigastric plexuses distribute at the triangle area composed of abdominal aorta bifurcation, left and right common iliac artery and sacral cape, and divide into left and right lower abdomen nerves at the sacral cape level. Pelvic visceral nerves constitute the lower dorsal plexus of the main ligament in the lateral section. Bladder branches dominate the detrusor and internal sphincter. Traditional radical hysterectomy surgery damaged the pelvic autonomic nerve, resulting in dysfunctions of bladder and decreased quality of life post-operation. About 12–85% of patients faced problems of urinary sensory abnormalities, urinary dysfunctions and urinary incontinence after operation [13].