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Cancer Drugs and Treatment Formulations for Women-Associated Cancers
Published in Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid, Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Reetika Arora, Pawan K. Maurya
When cancer is diagnosed in a woman’s reproductive organs, it is called gynaecologic cancer. The five most frequent types of gynaecologic cancer are cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancer [12]. (There is a sixth type of gynaecologic cancer, fallopian tube cancer, which is extremely uncommon). Cervical cancer is the only cancer that has screening tests that can detect the disease at an early stage, when treatment is most effective [4].
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
For individuals with BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants, bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of developing breast cancer by 90%–95%, while chemoprevention with tamoxifen or raloxifene also contributes to lower breast cancer risk. Prophylactic oophorectomy, salpingectomy with ovarian retention, and tubal ligation also help decrease risk for ovarian cancer/fallopian tube cancer [37].
Nutraceutical’s Role in Proliferation and Prevention of Gynecological Cancers
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Aaishwarya B. Deshmukh, Jayvadan K. Patel, Bharat Mishra
Gynecologic cancer is an uncontrolled cell growth and distribution of abnormal cells that spreads from the reproductive organs. There are various kinds of gynecological cancers, which include cervical cancer, cancer of the cervix, ovarian cancer, gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), primary peritoneal cancer, fallopian tube cancer, uterine/endometrial cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer, that are the cause of not only mortality in cancer but also morbidity all over the world. The fallopian tube cancer, choriocarcinomas, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer are quite rare, but relatively common cancers are ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. The third very common cancer in women around the world is cervical cancer, the first two are breast and colorectal cancers; overall, it is the seventh most common cancer. Less-developed regions of the world reported greater than 85% of the total cases of cervical cancer globally and 13% of all cancers in women [5]. Regular screenings and self-examinations can detect these cancers in their early stages, which improves the chances of successful treatment and complete cure [6].
Changing patterns of referral into a family history clinic and detection of ovarian cancer: a retrospective 10-year review
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
K. G. Smallwood, S. Crockett, V. Huang, V. Cullimore, J. Davies, G. Satti, A Phillips
Four occult malignancies were found at histological examination following risk reducing surgery. Of these, two originated in the ovary, one was a primary fallopian tube cancer and one case of STIC was identified. Of these cancers, three patients carried a mutation in either the BRCA1 or 2 gene, with the fourth patient carrying a defective P53 gene (Li Fraumeni Syndrome). Only one cancer was of high grade serous subtype and this was found to arise from the fallopian tube. In patients with a BRCA mutation who underwent RRBSO with preservation of their uterus (n = 108) we identified no cases of uterine serous cancer at a median follow up of 67 months. The rate of occult cancer in our centre was therefore overall, 1.5%, with a rate of occult cancer in BRCA patients of 2.2% (3.5% in BRCA1 and 1.2% in BRCA2). However, with respect to HGSC, the rate was 0.4% in the entire cohort and 0.7% in BRCA carriers. No cancers were identified in those patients undergoing RRS due to family history alone. The STIC was not associated with a co-existing ovarian tumour. Patient characteristics are shown in Table 3.
Effectiveness of oral etoposide in recurrent or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer and fallopian tube cancer
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Chompunoot Kongsawatvorakul, Chuenkamon Charakorn, Suwicha Chittithaworn, Arb-Aroon Lertkhachonsuk
During the studied period, a total of 68 cases were identified. Two patients were excluded due to incomplete medical records and synchronous malignancy, leaving 66 patients for analysis. The patient characteristics are given in Table 1. Mean age at cancer diagnosis was 54 years. The majority of patients were diagnosed with ovarian cancer followed by primary peritoneal cancer, but no fallopian tube cancer was reported. Approximately, 70% was classified as an advanced stage (FIGO stage III or IV). Serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma were common histopathologic subtypes in our cohort, accounting for approximately 35% for each cell type. Primary debulking surgery was performed on 57 patients (86.36%). Thirty-six patients (54.55%) achieved optimal surgery whilst 30 patients (45.45%) had suboptimal surgery.
Lymphadenectomy in Primary Fallopian Tube Cancer is Associated with Improved Survival
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Yao Xiao, Yue-xi Liu, Ruo-nan Li, Xing Wei, Qing-miao Wang, Qiu-ying Gu, Hua Linghu
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the deadliest diseases in women worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30% [1]. Patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage with no specific symptoms. Primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC) is uncommon and accounts for approximately 1% of gynecological malignant tumors [2]. To date, PFTC, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and primary peritoneal cancer share the same staging method and therapeutic strategies due to their clinical similarities. However, distinct differences highlight the uniqueness of PFTC. PFTC can be detected earlier and has a better prognosis when compared with EOC and primary peritoneal cancer [3,4]. This is probably due to the early symptoms secondary to tubal distention and restriction of tumor dissemination by the relatively enclosed fallopian tubes [2,5].