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Detection of Metastatic Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
Colon carcinoma cells express antigens that are similar to breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, and other epithelial tumors. Consequently, many antibodies that react with these cancers also bind to colon carcinoma cells.13 Immunologic testing has been performed and demonstrated a 27% incidence of marrow metastases at diagnosis for all patients with colon carcinoma.13 For patients with localized disease, the incidence was 14%.13 The importance of marrow disease for autologous BMT cannot be ascertained because no large-scale study has been published to date.
Growth Factor Expression and Response in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells
Published in Leonard H. Augenlicht, Cell and Molecular Biology of Colon Cancer, 2019
Kathleen M. Mulder, Michael G. Brattain
Mechanistic studies of colon tumor cell responsiveness to polypeptide GFs, explored in the context of the level of differentiation of the colon carcinoma, requires the availability of cell culture model systems representative of the various phenotypes of colon tumor cells in vivo. Advances in tissue culture methodology have led to the establishment of banks of some histopathological types of tumors, including colon.33,36,37 Colon carcinoma is viewed as a single disease, the basic biological phenotype of which is reflective of the amounts and interaction of the subtypes of cells in the tumor at any given time. Consequently, due to both inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, an individual cell line cannot provide an adequate model for any biological, biochemical, or pharmacological property of a given histopathological type of tumor. Accordingly, several laboratories have attempted to establish banks of human colon tumor cell lines in culture in order to obtain a broad spectrum of properties through a large number of cell lines which would be reflective of the diversity encountered in vivo.38-42
Colon Carcinogenesis: Biochemical Changes
Published in Herman Autrup, Gary M. Williams, Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis, 2019
Young S. Kim, Laurence J. Mcintyre
As more and more of the biochemical properties of colonic carcinoma and normal mucosa cells are compared, it is becoming apparent that the changes occurring in chemically-induced colon carcinoma are very similar to those present in the human system. This further supports the use of experimental colon carcinogenesis in animal systems as a model for the human disease. Study of the chemical induction of colonic cancer will permit the characterization of the biochemical changes which occur prior to the existence of morphological malignancy. Chemically-induced colonic tumors will also provide an experimental system in which new methods of treating and preventing colon cancer can be tested.
L. reuteri JMR-01 adjuvant 12C6+ irradiation exerts anti-colon carcinoma effects by modulating the gut microbiota in mice
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Jin Bai, Shuyang Wang, Fuqiang Xu, Miaoyin Dong, Junkai Wang, Xisi Sun, Guoqing Xiao
Colon cancer is among the top three most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death worldwide (Rooks and Garrett 2016). At present, numerous therapeutic options of colon cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. These treatment methods could significantly improve the survival rate of patients with colon cancer, while causing obvious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, inflammatory enteritis and so on, which will affect patients quality of life (Wu 2018; Eslami et al. 2019). Therefore, the safe, economic and effective treatments are urgently needed for colon carcinoma. Over the past few decades, studies have demonstrated the association of colon cancer with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (Drago 2019; Asadollahi et al. 2020; Song et al. 2020). Thus, modulating gut microbiota has been viewed as a promising target for treating digestive diseases, especially colon cancer (Zheng et al. 2020).
Rosai-Dorfman disease in a symptomatic elderly man
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Gaurav Synghal, Risha Bhavan, Sharad K. Jain, Umesh D. Oza
An 81-year-old man presented to a hematologist with fatigue, a 10-pound weight loss, and laboratory findings suggesting anemia of chronic disease with elevated ferritin, decreased total iron binding capacity, decreased iron, and a low-normal iron percent saturation. The patient had multiple negative stool guaiac tests to rule out underlying colon carcinoma. He was started on iron and B12 supplementation, and a bone marrow biopsy showed a normocellular marrow with trilineage hematopoiesis. At the same time, the patient visited his urologist due to persistent urinary tract infections; computed tomography (CT) showed large retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and soft tissue density infiltrating the kidneys (Figure 1a, 1b). Additional workup revealed an enlarged 3.8 cm supraclavicular lymph node amenable to surgical excision. Upon histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation, the lymph node demonstrated marked sinus histiocytosis with co-expression of S100 and CD68, suggesting RDD. Next-generation sequencing demonstrated no targetable mutations, 5% positive PD-L1 expression, and lack of PDGFRA expression. Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT helped evaluate the full extent of the patient’s disease burden (Figure 1c). The patient was started on corticosteroids with subsequent symptomatic improvement, stable hemoglobin, and improving adenopathy over the course of 12 months of follow-up.
Bioinformatic Identification of Hub Genes and Analysis of Prognostic Values in Colorectal Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Xinyi Lei, Jing Jing, Miao Zhang, Bingsheng Guan, Zhiyong Dong, Cunchuan Wang
The tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) belongs to the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases group. The TIMP1 can encode the 931 base-pair mRNA and the 207 amino acid protein. The TIMP1 can inhibit the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via forming noncovalent 1:1 stoichiomeyric complexes and regulate the balance of matrix remodeling in the time of degradation of extracellular matrix (47). TIMP1 was considered as a kind of soluble protein which had been identified to be related to bad prognosis in different types of cancers (48,49). The over-expression of TIMP1 was related to many advance-cancers, as well as in the patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, or gastric cancer, who had a shorter time to relapse (50,51). A recent research revealed TIMP1 was over-expressed in colon tumor tissues and dysregulated TIMP1 expression, which was associated with tumor proliferation, metastasis, and anti-apoptosis via PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway (52). In our research, TIMP1 was over-expressed in colon cancer samples. Meanwhile, colon carcinoma patients with high expression levels of TIMP1 had worse survival rate than colon cancer patients with low expression levels of TIMP1. Previous studies had shown that the expression of TIMP1 mRNA, which was increased in platelets of CRC patients, may serve as a promising noninvasive diagnoses biomarker for CRC (53). Additionally, in our GO analysis, the TIMP1 was enriched in cell component terms related to extracellular space. We inferred that TIMP1 may be a novel diagnosis biomarker for colon cancer.