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Neoplasia in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
The term “gestational trophoblastic disease” comprises a wide variety of pathologic entities, from the benign hydatidiform mole to the highly malignant choriocarcinoma. Hydatidiform mole has been observed since the era of Hippocrates. Richardson and Hertig provided the first account of a hydatid mole in 1638, while in 1827 the midwife Bolvin was the first to ascribe moles as products of gestational origin. In 1895, Felix Morchand finally demonstrated that hydatidiform moles and their malignant sequelae derived from trophoblast, but his concept was not widely accepted until 1903 (158,159).
Miscarriage and Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Published in Arianna D'Angelo, Nazar N. Amso, Ultrasound in Assisted Reproduction and Early Pregnancy, 2020
Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant disease that arises following known molar pregnancy (50%), miscarriage (30%), or normal pregnancy (20%). Metastasis can occur, mainly to the lungs but can affect other areas including vagina, pelvis, liver, and brain [10,11].
Gynaecological cancer
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumour arising from the placental tissues. It is a rare tumour that may arise occasionally in association with a normal pregnancy, but is far more common as a complication of a hydatidiform mole.
Dual role of quercetin in enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin in chemotherapy and protection against its side effects: a review
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Masoud Najafi, Shima Tavakol, Ali Zarrabi, Milad Ashrafizadeh
Choriocarcinoma is a subtype of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) that invasively affects other organs such as brain, liver, kidney and lung (Lurain 2011). The first line treatment in choriocarcinoma is chemotherapy or polychemotherapy (Shih 2007, Cheung et al.2009). Quercetin is capable of affecting PI3K/Akt and MAPK signalling pathways in treatment of choriocarcinoma. PI3K/Akt pathway leads to the proliferation and progression of tumour cells and may induce chemoresistance (Chekenya et al.2008, Chen et al.2020b, Yang et al.2020c). Furthermore, MAPK is able to regulate the response of tumour cells into apoptotic cell death (Sebolt-Leopold and Herrera 2004). Apigenin can reduce the malignant behaviour of cancer cells through MAPK induction (Lim et al.2016). Quercetin affects these two pathways to inhibit choriocarcinoma proliferation and induce apoptosis. Investigation of molecular pathways exhibits that administration of quercetin sensitises choriocarcinoma cells into CP chemotherapy and elevates CP cytotoxicity against tumour cells. Furthermore, quercetin induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and trigger apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and elevating ROS generation (Lim et al.2017).
Propofol inhibits proliferation and metastasis by up-regulation of miR-495 in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Hai Sun, Yingjian Wang, Wenyu Zhang
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a unique gynaecological disease derived from the placenta and comprises of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN), hydatidiform mole (HM), nonneoplastic lesions and abnormal villous lesions [1]. Choriocarcinoma, one of the most aggressive gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, has drawn considerable attention since the first report of a metastatic choriocarcinoma patient being cured by methotrexate in 1956 [2]. Although choriocarcinoma is not a common disease, it can spread rapidly and has a mortality rate of nearly 100% if not been treated in time [3]. Recently, great progress has been made in understanding the physiological and pathological processes of human trophoblasts, yet the pathogenesis of choriocarcinoma is still not completely understood due to the increasing rarity of the disease and the lack of an animal model [4,5].
Advances in current and emerging therapeutics for gestational trophoblast malignancies
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2019
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDSCT) is an established therapy in the routine treatment for patients with treatment-resistant leukemia, lymphoma and testicular cancer. Due to the rarity and general high cure rates on GTN, the precise role of HDSCT in treatment-resistant GTN has not been subject to clinical trials. However, there are a number of case reports and small series where the management and outcome of GTN patients with drug-resistant disease treated with HDSCT have been explored. From these retrospective studies, it appears that HDSCT can salvage selective proportion of patients with chemotherapy-resistant GTN [40]. A recent publication from the Charing Cross Hospital team in the United Kingdom reports that overall 40% of the patients with chemotherapy refractory choriocarcinoma appear to have successful salvage therapy with HDSCT [41].