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Andrographis paniculata (Creat or Green Chiretta) and Bacopa monnieri (Water Hyssop)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Pankaj Mundada, Swati Gurme, Suchita Jadhav, Devashree Patil, Nitin Gore, Sumaiya Shaikh, Abhinav Mali, Suraj Umdale, Mahendra Ahire
Ghosh et al. (2011b) examined the anti-tumor activity of stigmasterol isolated from the aerial parts of Brahmi against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Kumar et al. (1998) showed the anti-tumor activity of ethanolic extract of Brahmi: oral administration of extract delayed the development of solid tumors. The study was carried out on in vitro short-term chemosensitivity and in vivo tumor model test systems. D'Souza et al. (2002) assessed ethanolic extracts, which are saponin-rich fractions that showed potential antitumor activity. D'Souza et al. (2002) reported Bacoside A as an active component accountable for anticancerous activity. Elangovan et al. (1995) reported alcoholic (ethanol) extract of Bacopa monnieri as an anticancerous drug tested for sarcoma 180 cell culture, where cell growth was inhibited with increasing concentration of extracts. Mallick et al. (2015) demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Brahmi showed anticancer activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cell lines.
The Precision Medicine Approach in Oncology
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
In another development, there has been a resurgence of interest in chemosensitivity testing in which tumor cells from biopsies from cancer patients are grown in vitro and exposed to a panel of approved anticancer agents to identify those with the best cytotoxicity which can then be selected for administration. This approach is analogous to antibiotic sensitivity testing which is routinely carried out on patient body fluids and tissue samples in hospitals throughout the world. The advantages and disadvantages of this personalized approach are discussed in Section 11.6.9.
Utilization of Genomic Signatures for Personalized Treatment of Breast Cancer
Published in Brian Leyland-Jones, Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer, 2020
P. Kelly Marcom, Carey K. Anders, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Anil Potti, Joseph R. Nevins
Over the past two decades, PST for early-stage breast cancer has been shown to be a safe and effective method for assessing the chemosensitivity of primary breast cancers. Sequencing systemic therapy first, with the consequent three- to six-month delay in surgery, has not been shown to adversely affect outcomes (24). Assessment of pathologic response to PST, both in the breast and regional lymph nodes, provides the most powerful prognostic information available. Patients who obtain a complete pathologic response in the breast and lymph nodes have a greater than 95% survival at seven years (24,25). Although PST provides a powerful tool for in vivo assessment of chemosensitivity, exploiting the information gained in the aforementioned trials to improve management of individual patients has been more difficult.
Locoregional treatment of primary tumor in synchronous metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2023
Eliane Tang, Boris Schwartz, Elaine Limkin, Caroline Even, Pierre Blanchard, Nadia Haddy, Philippe Gorphe, François-Régis Ferrand, Yungan Tao, Thanh-Van-France Nguyen
The most appropriate timing of locoregional RT in the initial management of mHNSCC remains an issue. The risk of metastatic progression is a significant concern in the absence of effective concurrent systemic therapy during the time of RT, which lasts up to seven weeks [15]. Thus, in our cohort, for most patients, locoregional treatment has preferably been used as consolidation therapy following response to first-line systemic therapy. In Rambeau et al.’s study, there was a trend toward improved OS when locoregional RT was administered as consolidation therapy after chemotherapy rather than up-front (median OS of 22.1 and 15.5 months respectively) [12]. Our data confirm this treatment strategy: in 75 patients for whom partial response or stable disease in metastatic lesions was obtained after first line systemic therapy, a significant improvement in OS was observed among patients who received locoregional treatment compared to those who did not (21.9 and 14.7 months, respectively). Moreover, performance status and N stage which were prognostic factors initially associated with OS in the whole cohort were no longer evidenced in this subset. Thus, starting with systemic treatment may help select patients and avoid indiscriminately administering aggressive RT to patients for whom such local treatment may not be beneficial and could even be deleterious due to its non-negligible adverse effects. Response to chemotherapy may be a tool for patient selection, with the hypothesis that chemosensitivity would be a predictive factor for better RT effectiveness.
Application of tumoroids derived from advanced colorectal cancer patients to predict individual response to chemotherapy
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2023
Lei Yao, Xiao-Long Zao, Xiao-Fei Pan, Hao-Gang Zhang, Fu-Jing Wang, Peng-Fei Qiao
The patients were divided into sensitivity and resistance groups according to the tumoroids chemosensitivity data above. The association between chemosensitivity and clinicopathological characteristics was then analyzed. We found no association between tumoroids chemosensitivity and clinicopathological characteristics of 34 advanced CRC patients (Supplementary Table S3), so the current data were available for comparison with tumoroids chemosensitivity data. All the patients had sufficient clinical follow-up to yield a PFS interval for correlative analyses and the complete clinical course for each of these patients is displayed in Supplementary Table S2. IR of each treatment parameter for different tumoroids was positively correlated with PFS of the corresponding patients (Figure 4A, Spearman R = 0.412, P = 0.016). AUC for different chemotherapy treatments in tumoroids was negatively correlated with PFS of their matched patients (Figure 4B, Spearman R = −0.479, P = 0.004). We suggest that tumoroids have the potential for predicting clinical responses to chemotherapy treatment parameters, as well as for selecting therapeutic profiling.
The Association between the Preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index and the Controlling Nutritional Status Score on Tumor Stage, Chemotherapeutic Response and Overall Survival in Ovarian Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Sema Karakaş, Gökhan Demirayak, Ayşe Büşra Önder, İsa Aykut Özdemir, Cihan Comba, Sema Süzen Çaypınar, Şükrü Yıldız, Selim Avşar, Sema Bağhaki, Güneş Özlem Yıldız, Şakir Volkan Erdoğan
The patients’ age, BMI, menopausal status, preoperative total cholesterol, albumin, lymphocyte count, CA125, CA19-9, CA15-3, CEA, disease stage, histologic subtype, tumor grade, ascites, number of excised pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, residual disease, chemotherapeutic response, follow up duration, and hospitalization was recorded. The last patient data was obtained on October 16, 2020. The patients were evaluated with a complete gynecological examination, imaging findings, and tumor marker results during each follow-up. R0 was considered as no residual disease on gross evaluation after surgery. The patients with stage 1 ovarian cancer received 3–6 cycles of Paclitaxel + Carboplatin regimen, and the patients with stage 2 and above received a standard six courses of Paclitaxel + Carboplatin treatment. Chemosensitivity was defined as a time interval above six months between completing the last chemotherapy dose and the tumor recurrence. OS was defined as the time between the treatment initiation date to the date of death or the last follow-up. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the period between the initiation date of treatment and when recurrence or progression first occurred.