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Lung and Tracheo-Bronchial Tumours - main types.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
The three features of early bronchial malignant disease (adenocarcinoma and 'epithelioma in about equal numbers) were given as hilar density (or enlargement), atelectasis* (or collapse) and bronchiectasis. Pseudobronchiectasis (earlierin this book termed mucocoeles - see p. 2.10 -12) was defined as a collection of fluid collected by gravity and aspiration distal to the lesion, the fluid-filled bronchial tree thus causing a density. "If the lesion were really an early bronchial carcinoma, there should be no other characters present, the unaffected lung must be perfectly clear, the upper portion of the mediastinum unthickened and there should never be an appearance as of metastasis distal to the lesion: at this early stage pleurisy is a rare manifestation." They noted that metastasis to the supraclavicular nodes might occur quite early and that "the Roentgen-ray picture may be altered by extension of the lesion to the mediastinal lymph nodes." The lungs were also a common site for metastases, and the authors observed that "the picture of a primary carcinoma of the lung might easily be obscured by multiple metastases in the other lung or a small bronchial carcinoma may be overlooked in the picture which gives an impression of true miliary carcinosis."
Perineural invasion on biopsy specimen as predictor of tumor progression in aging male treated with radical prostatectomy. Could we use it for pre-surgical screening?
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
M. Vukovic, P. Kavaric, A. Magdelinic, P. Nikomanis, S. Tomovic, D. Pelicic
Institution approval for this study was granted by Medical faculty, University of Montenegro. We searched in electronic database of Clinical center of Montenegro for PB pathology reports between 2010 and 2014 that were positive for PC and had cores with evidence of PNI. All PBs were performed under transrectal ultrasound guidance (TRUS) according to the standardized 12 core biopsy protocol [6]. Patients with nonmetastatic clinically localized or locally advanced disease who underwent definitive primary (curative-intent) treatment were included in this study. Conventional staging was performed using computer tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, and bone scan. Treatment occurred within 6 months of the PB date and consisted of RP with or without pelvic lymph node dissection or adjuvant therapy. Pathological specimens were examined, and PNI was identified as carcinoma tracking along or around a nerve in the perineural space [1]. We used the S 100 protein immunohistochemistry assay in the detection of nerves (test No2004127, ARUP laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT). Specimens were examined independently by three experienced pathologists. Nerves were counted in the area of closest proximity of the tumor to the dorso-lateral margins. Infiltration of nerves was categorized on a scale of 0–3; nerves without immediate tumor-cell-contact were given a score of 0, while nerves fully surrounded by tumor (classical perineural carcinosis) were given a score of 3.
Systematic review of machine learning for diagnosis and prognosis in dermatology
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
Kenneth Thomsen, Lars Iversen, Therese Louise Titlestad, Ole Winther
Lack of dermatologists in many countries challenges early dermatological diagnosis, but early diagnosis is important to reduce mortality and morbidity, and to reduce the cost of treatment. For example, actinic keratosis (AK), an easily treatable precancerous lesion, can potentially evolve into spinocellular carcinosis (SCC) (3). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimated that 34,770 solid-organ transplants were performed in 2017 in the U.S., and patients with solid-organ transplants have an estimated 100 times increased risk of SCC (4). Treatment of AK can often be easily achieved by cryotherapy or home application of topical treatment, whilst SCC treatment is surgical and has an estimated 4–5% risk of local recurrence (5). Moreover, SCC treatment and monitoring require pathological assessment to ensure the diagnosis and margin of resection.
Combined chemotherapy and allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocyte-immunotherapies efficiently control the development of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vivo
Published in OncoImmunology, 2019
Noémie Joalland, Laura Lafrance, Thibauld Oullier, Séverine Marionneau-Lambot, Delphine Loussouarn, Ulrich Jarry, Emmanuel Scotet
First, the reactivity of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes against EOC cells from ovarian cancer patients (pEOC; n = 10 patients; Supplemental Table 1) and commercial cell lines (cEOC; SKOV-3, SHIN-3), sensitized or not with zoledronate was analyzed. While Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes have a poor natural reaction against tumor cells from pEOC and cEOC, zoledronate sensitization induced a strong reactivity of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, whatever the tumor origin (CKT, CKC, CASC) (Figure 1(a)). Next, pEOC and cEOC tumor cells were injected in the ovary of immunodeficient NSG mice (Figure 1(b)). In the pEOC conditions, no disease symptoms (e.g., weight loss, production of ascites) were detected up to 6 months after implantation. In line with the results of biological examinations that did not evidence signs of peritoneal carcinosis, both immunochemistry and necropsy analyses revealed the absence or a sub-optimal growth of tumor cells (Figure 1(c)).