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Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Staging of ovarian cancer is based on the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) or the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) systems. In the FIGO system, stage I describes tumors confined to ovaries, stage II has pelvic extension or primary peritoneal cancer, stage III indicates spread to the peritoneum outside the pelvis and/or metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and stage IV contains distant metastasis [26].
Quantitative assessment of peritoneal disease
Published in Tom Cecil, John Bunni, Akash Mehta, A Practical Guide to Peritoneal Malignancy, 2019
The Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) has the advantage of combining information on lesion size with distribution of intra-abdominal disease and is, consequently, the most widely used scoring system for peritoneal malignancy [4,5]. As shown in Figure 5.1, the PCI divides the abdomen into 13 regions: a central compartment, the four quadrants, the two paracolic gutters, the epigastrium and the pelvis, combined with a further four regions encompassing the small bowel and its mesentery. A lesion size score, ranging from 0 to 3 and representing the size of the largest lesion in each region, is allocated per region, yielding a PCI score ranging from 0 to 39. Important to note is that tumour confluence or layering yields a lesion size score of 3. Also, in patients with synchronous peritoneal disease with the primary tumour still in situ, the PCI is used to quantify the peritoneal disease only; the primary tumour is not included [6].
Fallopian Tube, Broad Ligament, and Peritoneal Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Peritoneal cancer typically presents as small nodules (2–5 mm) in the right diaphragm, small pelvis, omentum, and surface of the intestine. Malignant mesothelioma shows three basic histologic forms: epithelioid (most frequent), sarcomatoid (25%), or mixed (biphasic). Useful markers for this tumor include calretinin (85%–100%) and D2-40 (93%–96%). Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is divided into two subtypes (peritoneal adenomucinosis and peritoneal mucinous carcinoma). Typically, PMP contains the tumor cells that do not infiltrate the peritoneal and omental tissue, but rather dissect into the tissue.
Changing patterns of referral into a family history clinic and detection of ovarian cancer: a retrospective 10-year review
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
K. G. Smallwood, S. Crockett, V. Huang, V. Cullimore, J. Davies, G. Satti, A Phillips
Two patients developed primary peritoneal carcinoma subsequent to risk reducing surgery, with an interval from surgery to diagnosis of 40 and 72 months respectively. Neither of these patients were found to have STIC at initial surgery. Patient 1 presented with abdominal pain; however little treatment information is available as she was treated at another unit. Patient 2 presented to the upper GI team on a two week wait referral with dyspepsia. She had a normal oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, however a CT scan showed significant omental cake. Primary peritoneal cancer was diagnosed on ultrasound guided biopsy and the patient was worked up for cytoreductive surgery. Unfortunately, she was deemed unfit due to cardiac problems and therefore was offered primary chemotherapy. Both patients died during the follow up period at 6 and 43 months post diagnosis respectively. These are the only deaths in our cohort. The rate of developing PPC following risk reducing BSO in our cohort was therefore 0.7%. Patient characteristics are found in Table 4.
Updated Italian cohort data continues to confirm lack of mesothelioma risk in pooled cohort of international cosmetic talc miners and millers
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2022
A. Michael Ierardi, Elizabeth A. Best, Gary M. Marsh
Ciocan et al. (2022) did not observe any deaths due to pleural cancer (expected = 2.8). Two cases of peritoneal cancer were identified, though these cases did not result in any significantly elevated risk (expected = 1.4; SMR = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17, 5.15). Specifically regarding these cases of peritoneal cancer, Ciocan et al. (2022) explained that following a “detailed review of the medical records, … the specific causes of the two deaths from peritoneal cancer were one peritoneal carcinomatosis and one retroperitoneal tumor” (Ciocan et al. 2022, p. 2). Additionally, Ciocan et al. (2022) noted that they excluded 172 subjects from their analysis because their age at death was older than 85. However, they stated, “[t]here were no deaths from either pleural or peritoneal cancer among the subjects deceased after the 85th birthday, who were excluded in the analysis” (Ciocan et al. 2022, p. 2-3). The authors did not report any deaths due to mesothelioma in their cohort or among those individuals aged 85+.
Bacterial ghosts as adjuvant to oxaliplatin chemotherapy in colorectal carcinomatosis
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Diana Groza, Sebastian Gehrig, Pavol Kudela, Martin Holcmann, Christine Pirker, Carina Dinhof, Hemma H. Schueffl, Marek Sramko, Julia Hoebart, Fatih Alioglu, Michael Grusch, Manfred Ogris, Werner Lubitz, Bernhard K. Keppler, Irena Pashkunova-Martic, Christian R. Kowol, Maria Sibilia, Walter Berger, Petra Heffeter
Based on these promising results, we evaluated the difference in effectivity between one and two cycles of treatment against peritoneal cancer in more detail (Fig. 3A, TS3). In line with the first experiments, dissection on day 17 revealed visible tumor regrowth in both oxaliplatin- as well as combination-treated animals after application of a single treatment cycle. Only one of the combination-treated animals experienced a complete remission and was found to be tumor-free. In contrast, in animals treated for 2 cycles, the anticancer activity of our combination setting was superior to oxaliplatin. Here, 85% of the combination-treated mice had a tumor mass of less than 0.03 g (compared to a mean mass of ∼ 2.7 g in the solvent control group), while in the oxaliplatin group these were only 43% of animals (Fig. 3B and C).