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Urothelial and Urethral Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Ibrahim Jubber, Karl H. Pang, James W.F. Catto
MicropapillaryIncidence of up to 6%.Strong male preponderance.Histologically resembles ovarian serous carcinoma.Associated with advanced stage at presentation, poor prognosisPoor response to intravesical treatment − early radical treatment recommended.
Surgical Treatment of Fibroids
Published in Rooma Sinha, Arnold P. Advincula, Kurian Joseph, FIBROID UTERUS Surgical Challenges in Minimal Access Surgery, 2020
Ibrahim Alkatout, Liselotte Mettler
According to research presented at the Annual Clinical Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in 2013, bilateral salpingectomy at hysterectomy, with preservation of the ovaries, is considered a safe way of potentially reducing the development of ovarian serous carcinoma, the most common type of ovarian cancer. Increasing evidence points toward the fallopian tubes as the origin of this type of cancer. Removing the fallopian tubes does not cause the onset of menopause, as does the removal of the ovaries.
Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Robert D. Morgan, Andrew R. Clamp, Gordon C. Jayson
Epithelial ovarian cancer can be classified into five main histological subtypes: high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell and mucinous carcinoma. High-grade serous carcinoma is the commonest form of epithelial ovarian cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all cases.
Effectiveness of oral etoposide in recurrent or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer and fallopian tube cancer
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Chompunoot Kongsawatvorakul, Chuenkamon Charakorn, Suwicha Chittithaworn, Arb-Aroon Lertkhachonsuk
During the studied period, a total of 68 cases were identified. Two patients were excluded due to incomplete medical records and synchronous malignancy, leaving 66 patients for analysis. The patient characteristics are given in Table 1. Mean age at cancer diagnosis was 54 years. The majority of patients were diagnosed with ovarian cancer followed by primary peritoneal cancer, but no fallopian tube cancer was reported. Approximately, 70% was classified as an advanced stage (FIGO stage III or IV). Serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma were common histopathologic subtypes in our cohort, accounting for approximately 35% for each cell type. Primary debulking surgery was performed on 57 patients (86.36%). Thirty-six patients (54.55%) achieved optimal surgery whilst 30 patients (45.45%) had suboptimal surgery.
A retrospective study of the epidemiology and histological subtypes of ovarian epithelial neoplasms at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital
Published in Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, 2021
Primary ovarian neoplasms originate from one of three cell lines: epithelial, stromal and germ cell, with most being of epithelial origin.1 Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are classified as benign, borderline and malignant neoplasms based on how closely the tumour cells resemble resident cells of the female genital tract.1–3 Malignant epithelial ovarian neoplasms are the eighth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide with estimated five-year survival rates below 45%.4 The latest available South African data documented 590 new ovarian cancers, accounting for 1.42% of all new cancers in females, in 2017.5 Coburn et al. showed that serous carcinoma (SC) (including low-grade SC and high-grade SC) consistently had the highest incidence rates in 30 countries assessed.6 Notably, data for the African continent are missing from that study.
The impact of body composition on treatment in ovarian cancer: a current insight
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Veronica McSharry, Kate Glennon, Amy Mullee, Donal Brennan
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecological cancers. Largescale multi-omic profiling of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common histological subtype, via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has come to two significant conclusions. Firstly, approximately 50% of HGSOCs have defects in DNA damage response and secondly that this is a disease of genomic chaos, driven by copy number alterations with very few targetable mutations. The first conclusion has led to significant therapeutic advances with the development of PARP inhibitors (see below), the second highlights the difficulties in developing any targeted therapy for this disease. Less common subtypes such as low-grade serous carcinoma, clear cell and mucinous carcinomas are difficult to treat. They are increasingly under review for the use of targeted agents based on gene expression profiles and phase 2/3 trials using MEK inhibitors in recurrent low grade serous cancer subtypes have shown modest response rates [1]. However, as the phase 3 trial failed to reach its endpoint, and showed a higher than expected response to chemotherapy, this remains the current standard of care for these rarer subtypes [2].