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Oncogenes and Cancer
Published in Pimentel Enrique, Oncogenes, 2020
In ALV-induced bursal lymphomas of chickens activation of c-myc may occur not by chromosome translocation but by insertion of viral sequences, including the LTR, near the c-myc proto-oncogene.222-225 However, in these tumors the site of viral insertion in relation to c-myc is variable and in many tumors no insertion of the virus near c-myc is detected.226 Insertion of a kind of repetitive DNA element, called “retroposon”, can occur into the c-myc oncogene in some cases of a canine transmissible venereal tumor.227
Automated Analysis of PD1 and PDL1 Expression in Lymph Nodes and the Microenvironment of Transmissible Tumors in Tasmanian Devils
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2023
Grace G. Russell, Chiara Palmieri, Jocelyn Darby, Gary P. Morris, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Ruth J. Pye, Andrew S. Flies
Cancer is prevalent in nearly all mammalian species (Boddy et al. 2020), but cancer immunology research has primarily focused on humans, mice, and a few other species (Flies et al. 2020). Naturally transmissible monoclonal cancers provide an opportunity to study cancer with the tumor genotype held relatively constant, whilst the host genotype and environment vary in a real-world cancer model. There are three known naturally transmissible cancers in mammals. The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a sexually transmitted tumor that has been circulating in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) for an estimated 4,500 to 8,500 years (Baez-Ortega et al. 2019; Murgia et al. 2006). More recently, two different transmissible Tasmanian devil facial tumors (DFT1, DFT2) have emerged in wild Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) (Figure 1) (Pearse and Swift 2006; Pye et al. 2016). Both CTVT and DFT1 tumor cells have passed through thousands of individuals, and thus have successfully evaded the host immune system despite genetic differences between tumor and host cells.
Autologous canine immunotherapy: short-time generated dendritic cells loaded with canine transmissible venereal tumor-whole lysate
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2018
Moisés Armides Franco-Molina, Yareellys Ramos-Zayas, Erika Evangelina Coronado-Cerda, Edgar Mendoza-Gamboa, Pablo Zapata-Benavides, Silvia Elena Santana-Krymskaya, Reyes Tamez-Guerra, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) classified as histiocytic sarcoma of reticuloendothelial origin [1] is a clonally transmissible tumor capable of being transmitted between animals as an allograft [2]. It has been used to evaluate cancer therapies, which includes immunotherapy, because it is easily transplanted into other dogs by subcutaneous or intra-organ injection [3]. This model could give rise to studies of analogous tumors in humans and allow examine immunological aspects of cancer spread and tumor surveillance [2]. CTVT is endemic in around 90 countries, and although vincristine is the principal treatment, there are resistant tumors to this therapy [4]. Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor immunotherapy has been used in clinical trials to induce antitumor immunity through the stimulation of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. In clinical phase III studies with DC-based therapy, sipuleucel-T (Dendreon, Seattle, WA) showed a significantly larger median overall survival of patients with metastatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer (25.8 months) than patient with placebo (21.7 months) [5], indicating that DCs-based immunotherapy might improve survival. Other researchers and ourselves [3,6] believe that CTVT has the potential to be used as a model to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy and new drugs against cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of autologous DCs loaded with whole tumor cell lysate of TVT generated under a simplified and rapid procedure in vitro production process, in a vulvar submucosal model of CTVT in dogs.
Immunotherapy for the treatment of canine transmissible venereal tumor based in dendritic cells pulsed with tumoral exosomes
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2019
Yareellys Ramos-Zayas, Moisés Armides Franco-Molina, Alex Jesús Hernádez-Granados, Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño, Erika Evangelina Coronado-Cerda, Edgar Mendoza-Gamboa, Pablo Zapata-Benavides, Rafael Ramírez-Romero, Silvia Elena Santana-Krymskaya, Reyes Tamez-Guerra, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
Canine transmissible venereal tumor is a clonally transmissible tumor capable of being transmitted between dogs through coitus. It has been used in cancer immunotherapy because it is easily transplanted into other dogs by subcutaneous or intra-organ injection [1]. This model could rise to translational implications for the study of analogous tumors in humans and allows to examine new chemotherapeutic agents and immunological aspects of cancer spread and tumor surveillance [2]. Although vincristine is the standard treatment for CTVT, some cases are resistant to this drug [3].