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Cancer and exercise
Published in Adam P. Sharples, James P. Morton, Henning Wackerhage, Molecular Exercise Physiology, 2022
Tormod S. Nilsen, Pernille Hojman, Henning Wackerhage
One of the most prevalent and troublesome side-effects from cancer, and different cancer treatment options, is cancer-related fatigue. This is described as a distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, emotional and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion. Although it is a transient phase for most cancer patients, it may persist for years post-treatment in some survivors and approximately 30% of breast cancer survivors (88), and lymphoma survivors (89) still report symptoms ten years post-diagnosis. Exercise has been shown to lessen the burden of cancer-related fatigue to some extent, as participants randomised to exercise groups typically report less symptoms and less distress compared to participants in the non-exercising control groups in randomised controlled trials undertaken during or shortly after treatment (90). It is, however, worth mentioning that only small to moderate effects sizes are reported in the meta-analysis. Furthermore, it is still unknown if exercise influences more the chronic phases of fatigue (i.e. if the condition persists for 6 months or longer following diagnosis) as very few trials have investigated this to date. In summary, it seems that exercise is one of few strategies that may help cancer patients cope with cancer-related fatigue, but whether these effects of exercise apply at later stages of cancer survivorship is largely unknown.
Exercise and Fascial Movement Therapy for Cancer Survivors
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) 2010 Exercise Guidelines for CancerExercise can lower the risk for colon, breast, endometrial, kidney, bladder, esophagus, and stomach cancers.Exercise is generally safe for cancer survivors.Exercise during and after cancer treatment can relieve fatigue, anxiety, depression, and improve physical function and quality of life and mitigate cancer-related fatigue.Exercise can improve common cancer-related health outcomes, including anxiety, bone health, depressive symptoms, falls, fatigue, health-related quality of life, lymphedema, nausea, pain, physical functioning, and sleep. Implications for other outcomes, such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and cognitive functioning, remain uncertain.Exercise programming should focus on a combination of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility training. Cancer survivors should aim for 150 min per week of aerobic activity, two or more days a week of resistance training for all major muscle groups, and flexibility training.
Physical Activity and the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Case H. Keltner, Heather R. Bowles
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network provides guidelines for individuals undergoing cancer treatment, proposing 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at least five times per week.51 This exercise regimen is aimed at mitigating cancer-related fatigue, and can be segmented by patients undergoing physically taxing cancer therapies.51 The guidelines across the survivorship spectrum reinforce the merit of physical activity for treating and preventing the reoccurrence of cancer. All of the aforementioned recommendations are summarized in Table 34.1.
Can assessment of disease burden and quality of life based on mobility level in patients with end-stage cancer provide an insight into unmet needs? An exploratory cross-sectional study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Yeliz Bahar- Ozdemir, Sefik Kaya, Nalan Akgul- Babacan, Tugce Al, Ece Albayrak, Nilufer Coskun, Gulseren Akyuz
The etiology of cancer-related fatigue is complex and multidimensional and includes many potential contributing factors (Koornstra et al., 2014). Fatigue increases with the progression of the disease, and with the addition of other causes, such as anemia, side effects of the medical treatments, cognitive dysfunction and malnutrition (Koornstra et al., 2014). It becomes more evident in patients who are nearing death. In this study, the fact that severe fatigue levels observed in bedridden patients were not established in the patients who using MA or were ambulatory suggests that regardless of the stage of the disease, limited physical activity may increase fatigue level. Although Koornstra et al. (2014) suggested that a decrease in physical activity may cause fatigue, they did not provide precise data to explain this situation. Another cause of fatigue in this group is depression. In a study conducted by Huang, Blackwood, Godoshian, and Pfalzer (2018) levels of depression and anxiety were found to be lower in the patient group able to walk independently than in those who used MA or were bedridden.
A remote Whole Food Dietary Intervention to Reduce Fatigue and Improve Diet Quality in Lymphoma Survivors: Results of a Feasibility Pilot Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Kellie R. Weinhold, Sarah Light, Anna Maria Bittoni, Suzanna Zick, Tonya S. Orchard
Advancements in screening and treatments for cancer have resulted in larger numbers of people living for years after diagnosis (1). As survivors live longer, there is a greater need to find effective interventions to reduce side effects of cancer and its treatments, such as fatigue, in order to improve quality of life. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL), which constitutes 80% of lymphoma cases (2), is the most commonly diagnosed blood cancer, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), making up approximately 25% to 30% of all NHL cases (2, 3). Long term, persistent fatigue is the most commonly reported side effect in NHL survivors (4, 5), and is associated with depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life (6, 7). In prior studies, about 20 to 30% of cancer survivors experienced long-term fatigue for 5 to 10 years after treatment (8). While there are currently no standards and limited guidance for the management of cancer related fatigue (CRF) in cancer survivors, some non-pharmacological treatment options include physical activity, psychosocial interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and mind-body interventions such as yoga or mindfulness-based approaches (9). Barriers to these treatment options include physical and disease-related limitations to body-based interventions, costs of psychotherapy, and demands of travel and time. Despite the prevalence of CRF and implications on quality of life, treatments are limited and barriers to implementation exist.
Chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer: clinical overview and management of long-term side effects
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Paola Di Nardo, Camilla Lisanti, Mattia Garutti, Silvia Buriolla, Martina Alberti, Roberta Mazzeo, Fabio Puglisi
Several psychostimulant drugs have been investigated in the management of cancer-related fatigue, such as methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate, long-acting methylphenidate, dexamphetamine, modafinil, and armodafinil. Most studies showed no advantage of psychostimulant drugs over placebo, while three studies with methylphenidate (5–30/40 mg day) and one with dexmethylphenidate (10–50 mg/day) reported an improvement in CRF [25–28]. A subgroup analysis of two different studies suggested a benefit of long-acting methylphenidate and modafinil [29,30]. Considering the mostly negative results of these studies, ESMO guidelines do not advise routine use of psychostimulant drugs, with potential exceptions, such as use of methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate, long-acting methylphenidate, and dexamphetamine in thoroughly selected patients [8]. Paroxetine, donepezil, eszopiclone, megestrol acetate, and melatonin have not been proven to be effective [31–36].