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Teratoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and other tumours
Published in Brice Antao, S Irish Michael, Anthony Lander, S Rothenberg MD Steven, Succeeding in Paediatric Surgery Examinations, 2017
RhabdomyosarcomaFavourable prognosisIntermediate prognosisPoor prognosisBotryoid rhabdomyosarcomaAlveolar rhabdomyosarcomaIncisional biopsySecond-look operation
Tumors of the Urinary Bladder in Domesticated Animals
Published in George T. Bryan, Samuel M. Cohen, The Pathology of Bladder Cancer, 2017
Primary mesenchymal tumors which could rarely occur in the urinary bladder are fibroma,47 fibrosarcomas,48,49 leiomyoma,50 leiomyosarcomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas.51,52However, some workers name the last tumors botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma, comparing them with botryoid sarcoma of the human bladder.52–54 The terms, sarcomas botryoides and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, are common synonyms for botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma.55 This tumor has a grape-like external appearance when growing in a hollow organ subjected to a minimal external pressure. Many different histologic classifications of sarcomas of the urinary bladder have been reported, i.e., undifferentiated sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, giant cell sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Most of these neoplasms would be categorized as botryoid rhabdomyosarcomas by present standards which do not require the demonstration of cross-striation for this histologic classification.56 Theoretical explanations have been offered for the origin of skeletal muscle in the urinary bladder. One belief is that tumors may arise from the mesenchyme of the urogenital ridge.57 This mesenchyme is associated with the Wolffian ducts as they migrate caudally.57,58 Others have indicated that the tumor may arise from primitive pluripotential mesodermal cells in the wall of the bladder.53,59 Hemangiosarcomas, osteosarcomas, myxosarcomas, or any combination of these rarely occur in the urinary bladder.50 Chemodectoma, or nonchromaffin paraganglioma of the urinary bladder with metastasis to a regional lymph node has been observed in dogs.60 Chemodectoma is derived from chemoreceptor cells, which are usually located in the carotid and cardiopulmonary bodies and occasionally at other anatomic sites, including the urinary bladder.61,62 Breed predisposition to development of chemodectomas in boxers and Boston terriers is documented.63,64
Bladder Exstrophy Polyp: An Uncommon Entity in Surgical Pathology
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
In 2005, Novak et al. highlighted the importance of future surveillance of exstrophy patients with both urine cytology and cystoscopy as they are at increased risk of malignancy, particularly adenocarcinoma which is associated with cystitis glandularis [3]. Similarly, exstrophy patients have a much higher risk for the development of bladder adenocarcinoma with as much as 700-fold increase when compared to age matched general population [4]. Of note, a case of botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma arose in exstrophy bladder of a 9-month-old girl, which was initially thought to be an exstrophy polyp [1]. This case underlines the importance of microscopic examination of these polyps.