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Environmental Inhaled Agents and Their Relation to Lung Cancer
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
The measurement of benzo(a)pyrene, one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a well-known carcinogen in laboratory animals, is commonly used as an index of risk, but it is uncertain whether this is a good representative index. Another important question is whether a linear extrapolation to low level exposures is appropriate.
Effect of tomato juice on the sperm quality of mice exposed to tertiary cigarette smoke
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
A.R. Furqaani, A.K. Sari, R. Ekowati, L.H. Siswanti, A. Triamullah, T. Sugiartini
Dai and colleagues (2015) have shown that toxins in cigarettes are compounds that play a role in activating the oxidative stress mechanism so that there is an increase in free radicals in the body. This free radical increase is positively correlated with DNA fragmentation and damage. Benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) found in cigarette smoke is mutagenic and carcinogenic. The compound will bind with DNA covalently to form a DNA adduct called benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-DNA (BPDE-DNA). It is known that BPDE-DNA increases in smokers and significantly decreases the percentage of halo acrosomes and is a contributing factor of DNA damage in smokers’ sperm (Hammadeh et al. 2016). Increasing environmental pollutants, including cigarette residues, expose humans to various substances that threaten health. Therefore, people need to change their lifestyle and consume food and nutrients that can minimize these adverse effects.
Experimental Lung Carcinogenesis by Intravenous Administration
Published in Joan Gil, Models of Lung Disease, 2020
Benzo(a)pyrene was extensively investigated for its lung carcinogenicity after SC (Pietra et al., 1961; Toth and Shubik, 1967; Grant et al., 1968) and intratracheal administration (Pylev; 1961, Shabad, 1962, Herrold and Dunham, 1962; Gross et al., 1965; Saffiotti et al., 1968). Following IV administration of benzo(a)pyrene, however, an increased incidence of mammary tumors was only reported in rats (Pataki and Huggins, 1969).
Effects of intermediate frequency electromagnetic fields: a review of animal studies
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Hae-June Lee, Hee Jin, Young Hwan Ahn, Nam Kim, Jeong Ki Pack, Hyung-Do Choi, Yun-Sil Lee
Next, the effect of IF-EMFs on lung cancer development was evaluated in both male and female mice. Lung tumors were induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP), a carcinogen found in cigarette and automobile smoke. BP was injected into newborn mice within 24 hours of birth and pulmonary adenomas were observed 9 weeks later. Exposure to IF-EMF alone did not induce the development of pulmonary adenomas and co-exposure with BP did not affect the development of pulmonary adenoma produced by BP alone. Moreover, IF-EMF exposure did not affect the number of lung tumors per animal. Nevertheless, this study only observed the short-term effects of IF-EMF exposure on the development of pulmonary adenomas, and therefore the development of malignant tumors could not be monitored. Moreover, similar to the mammary tumor model, the effect of IF-EMF on the occurrence of lung cancer due to genetic alterations was not observed.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil situated around solid waste dumpsite in Awka, Nigeria
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Chiedozie C. Aralu, Patrice-Anthony C. Okoye, Kovo G. Akpomie, Helen O. Chukwuemeka‐Okorie, Hillary O. Abugu
The most carcinogenic PAH, Benzo(a)pyrene recorded concentrations ranging from ND to 0.45 µg/kg for the study area and 0.37–0.58 µg/kg for the control area. The total PAHs recorded from this analysis were lower than previous reports (Nasrollahzadeh et al. 2012, Alawi and Azeez 2016). Benzo(g,h,i)perylene levels reported were all lesser than previous studies (Popenda and Włodarczyk-Makuła 2018, Włodarczyk-Makuła et al. 2018). When comparing the total levels of PAHs in the soil samples, it was found that soil close to a dumpsite in previous studies were higher than the values obtained in this study 0.1049–5.1662 mg/kg (Okechukwu et al. 2021), 10–1200 µg/kg (Shitandayi et al. 2019), 30.036–60.958 mg/kg (Ekpete et al. 2019), 1756–2224 μg/Kg (Adeyi and Oyeleke, 2017), 11.0– 41.6 mg/Kg (Olufunmilayo et al. 2015), 0.94–2.79 mg/kg (Oketola and Akpotu, 2015), and 25.8–7380 μg kg (Wang et al. 2015). The total levels of PAHs obtained in this study were higher than previously recorded work (Mustapha et al. 2019).
Electron microscopic investigation of benzo(a)pyrene-induced alterations in the rat kidney tissue and the protective effects of curcumin
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2022
Dila Şener Akçora, Deniz Erdoğan, Gülnur Take Kaplanoğlu, Gül Eser Göktaş, Uğur Şeker, Çiğdem Elmas
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic environmental and chemical contaminants that occur through industrial processes and the combustion of organic materials.1 They have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases, including cancer, through their acute toxic, teratogenic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic effects.2 Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) is a well-known PAH compound protype that is formed during high-temperature pyrolytic processes of organic materials such as coal, oil, wood, cigarette smoke, and barbecued meats.3 Therefore, the compound is pervasive in the environment.4 Indoor work environments, contaminated air and meals, the burning of animal waste, forest fires, cigarette smoke and, pesticides, are among the main sources of human exposure to BaP and PAH.4,5 It was shown that BaP is directly or indirectly metabolized to highly reactive free radicals in the liver tissue following its uptake into the organism. Numerous studies have revealed that free radical production level of BaP leads to DNA damage, immunosuppression, toxic effects, and formation of many diseases including cancer in the lung, liver, skin, esophagus, pancreas, colon, stomach, cervix, prostate, and kidney.6–9 The liver, kidney, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems are reported to display the primary toxic effects of BaP, and chronic exposure of humans to aromatic hydrocarbons is linked to kidney dysfunction and kidney cancer.9–11