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Evaluating Toxic Tort Cases
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
William P. Gavin, Mark A. Love, Wendie A. Howland
Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of particulate matter (soot), inorganic chemicals (e.g., nitrogen dioxide), and organic chemicals. The organic chemicals include many different kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many of the chemicals found in diesel exhaust, including benzo(a)pyrene, are also found in cigarette smoke and environmental tobacco smoke. Some PAHs are recognized carcinogens. Likewise, some of the inorganic chemicals in diesel exhaust are pulmonary irritants. The PAHs in diesel exhaust are absorbed onto the soot in the exhaust. When inhaled, the smallest soot particles carry the PAHs to the alveoli.
Environmental toxicants on Leydig cell function
Published in C. Yan Cheng, Spermatogenesis, 2018
Leping Ye, Xiaoheng Li, Xiaomin Chen, Qingquan Lian, Ren-Shan Ge
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of hydrocarbon compounds containing multiple aromatic rings. They are produced by incomplete combustion of coal, gas, and other organic matters. There are over 100 PAH chemicals. One of the PAHs is benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Oral exposure to B[a]P reduced serum and intratesticular fluid testosterone levels in rats and downregulated the expression levels of Star and Hsd3b1 in Leydig cells.198 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is a PAH metabolite and Leydig cells are involved in PAH and DMBA metabolism.199 Exposure to DMBA to MA-10 Leydig cells and rat primary Leydig cells inhibited cAMP-stimulated steroid production.200
Perspectives on Assessment of Risks from Dermal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Published in Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach, Health Risk Assessment, 2017
Christopher J. Borgert, Stephen M. Roberts, Robert C. James, Raymond D. Harbison
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a diverse class of chemicals characterized by two or more fused aromatic rings that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. PAHs find their way into the environment primarily by the incomplete combustion of organic materials. Because combustion of organic materials occurs in such diverse settings throughout society, PAHs are ubiquitous. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are released into the environment in a number of common materials, including soot, coal tar, tobacco smoke, petroleum, air pollutants, and cutting oils (Klaassen et al., 1986; page 172). They are found in wood smoke, gasoline and diesel exhaust, and are synthesized by some plants, including human food crops (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1983). From such sources, PAHs easily reach air, water, soil, sediments, and aquatic organisms. Exposure to PAHs is extensive in modern, industrialized countries.
Efficacy of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped gold nanorods against 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oviduct and endometrial cancers in albino rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Hend Gamal, Walid Tawfik, Hassan H El-Sayyad, Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Ahmed N. Emam, Heba A El-Ghaweet
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a type of atmospheric pollutant, are widely dispersed in the environment and enter human bodies through air, water and food. Environmental pollutants made of PAHs are called 7 and 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) that have several harmful and carcinogenic effects [18]. DMBA is widely known for its cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and immunosuppressive properties [19]. Similar to earlier studies with DMBA-induced mammary tumors, it is concluded that they are nearly identical [20,21]. Since ancient times, gold has been utilized as medicine, particularly in India and China, where it was associated with fertility and long life [22,23]. Gold has been utilized to treat rheumatic and TB ailments throughout the twentieth century [24]. Francisci Antonii details gold nanoparticles’ potential medical applications [25]. They have consistently been shown to be the least harmful and safest metallic nanoparticles [26].
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil situated around solid waste dumpsite in Awka, Nigeria
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Chiedozie C. Aralu, Patrice-Anthony C. Okoye, Kovo G. Akpomie, Helen O. Chukwuemeka‐Okorie, Hillary O. Abugu
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are complex organic groups that are found in the ecosystem (Chen et al. 2019). These contaminants move into the ecosystem via natural sources and can be accelerated through anthropogenic activities which include indiscriminate dumping and burning of refuse dumps, fossil fuel, and woods (Chiu et al.2012, Wang et al. 2016, Maletic et al. 2019). PAHs are among the most prevalent pollutants in the ecosystem that are normally released to the environment through leachate infiltration from the unlined dumpsite (Okechukwu et al. 2021). The soil located within these dumpsites is contaminated by leachates that contain PAHs and may cause serious health risks to the neighborhood (Wang et al. 2016). The soil is an important indicator that serves as a reservoir for the retention of these PAHs in the environment (Okechukwu et al. 2021). PAHs are persistent and hydrophobic, which makes them enrich deeply in the soil matrix after being adsorbed in the soil (Schuster et al. 2015).
Electron microscopic investigation of benzo(a)pyrene-induced alterations in the rat kidney tissue and the protective effects of curcumin
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2022
Dila Şener Akçora, Deniz Erdoğan, Gülnur Take Kaplanoğlu, Gül Eser Göktaş, Uğur Şeker, Çiğdem Elmas
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic environmental and chemical contaminants that occur through industrial processes and the combustion of organic materials.1 They have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases, including cancer, through their acute toxic, teratogenic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic effects.2 Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) is a well-known PAH compound protype that is formed during high-temperature pyrolytic processes of organic materials such as coal, oil, wood, cigarette smoke, and barbecued meats.3 Therefore, the compound is pervasive in the environment.4 Indoor work environments, contaminated air and meals, the burning of animal waste, forest fires, cigarette smoke and, pesticides, are among the main sources of human exposure to BaP and PAH.4,5 It was shown that BaP is directly or indirectly metabolized to highly reactive free radicals in the liver tissue following its uptake into the organism. Numerous studies have revealed that free radical production level of BaP leads to DNA damage, immunosuppression, toxic effects, and formation of many diseases including cancer in the lung, liver, skin, esophagus, pancreas, colon, stomach, cervix, prostate, and kidney.6–9 The liver, kidney, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems are reported to display the primary toxic effects of BaP, and chronic exposure of humans to aromatic hydrocarbons is linked to kidney dysfunction and kidney cancer.9–11