China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pathology of Breast Cancer
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
Attempts have been made to utilize ancillary studies to distinguish between atypical ductal hyperplasia and DCIS. We have observed that immunostaining for muscle-specific actin highlights the myoepithelial cells in atypical ductal hyper plasia and can be used as a useful diagnostic adjunct [73-75]. Our experience and others' reported in the literature, however, have concluded that other ancillary studies such as the study of HER-2/neu oncogene expression, DNA ploidy and/or nuclear measurements do not provide or substantiate evidence to differentiate between atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma [76-79]. Thus, until we design a long-term prospective study monitoring the natural history of atypical hyperplasias and ductal carcinoma in situ, the unresolved diagnostic issues will continue and create confusion for the patients, pathologists, and clinicians.
Hormonal therapy of breast cancer
Published in A. R. Genazzani, Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cancer, 2020
In contrast to DCIS, LCIS per se is not viewed as a preinvasive lesion. Instead, it is viewed as a marker of ‘cancerization’ or a ‘field change’ in the breast, and thus as a risk factor for invasive disease53. Its presence indicates an increased risk for invasive breast cancer in either breast, and has thus been grouped with atypical ductal hyperplasia and a strong family history of breast cancer in clinical studies of chemopreventive agents.
Breast cancer
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
Common benign lumps such as fibroadenomata do not progress to carcinoma, but atypical ductal hyperplasia confers an increased risk of breast cancer and such patients should be kept under regular surveillance. Both ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) are precursors to invasive malignancy (see sections ‘Ductal carcinoma in situ’ and ‘Lobular carcinoma in situ’), and therefore their presence in a breast biopsy is a significant risk factor.
An Introduction to the Relationship Between Lewis x and Malignancy Mainly Related to Breast Cancer and Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2022
Our studies (19–21,53–55) in the oral cavity, colon, and breast demonstrated that Lewis x is expressed both in normal epithelia and derived tumors. To clarify if Lewis x was expressed in benign neoplasia, we developed an immunohistochemical approach in 124 specimens belonging to benign breast disease; Lewis x showed a high percentage of positivity: 92% Usual Epithelia Hyperplasia samples, 71% Atypical ductal Hyperplasia, 65% Non-Proliferative Lesions, and 74% fibroadenomas; a strong reactivity as well as a predominant apical and linear pattern was found (20). Since early (13), Lewis x expression was detected in breast and ovarian tumors; different studies have found its presence in these locations (29,56,57). In particular, Brooks and Leathem (56) found that Lewis x was frequently associated with the leading edge of invading tumor or with the outer edge of boli of carcinoma in situ.
Breast lesions and cancer: histopathology and molecular classification in a referral hospital in Ghana
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2021
N. A. Titiloye, K. Bedu-Addo, E. Atta Manu, C. Ameh-Mensah, F. Opoku, B. M. Duduyemi
Even though most breast disorders turn out to be benign, a systemic review and meta-analysis have revealed that the risk of breast cancer increases up to twofolds in individuals who present with benign breast diseases without atypia [7]. More importantly, individuals with benign breast disease with atypia have up to a fivefold increased risk of developing breast cancer. Atypical lobular hyperplasia and atypical ductal hyperplasia are well-known pre-malignant conditions that frequently get upgraded to lobular carcinoma in situ and ductal carcinoma in situ, respectively, following continual pathological assessment [7,8]. This phenomenon therefore stipulates that adequate attention be given to all forms of breast diseases that may be presented at health facilities.
Dietary Phytochemical Index and Benign Breast Diseases: A Case–Control Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Sama Aghababayan, Zahra Sheikhi Mobarakeh, Mostafa Qorbani, Fereshteh Abbasvandi, Zeinab Tiznobeyk, Azadeh Aminianfar, Gity Sotoudeh
This study is part of a case–control study which aimed to compare dietary intakes between subjects with BBD or breast cancer with healthy women. The number of cases and controls as sample size was 115 and 116, respectively who were attending the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer affiliated with Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) in Tehran, from February 2014 to April 2015. According to Huang et al.’s study (20), with α = 0.05 and β = 0.2, the risk of breast cancer in Quartile 1 Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) equal to 0.43 and the odds ratio (OR) 2.08, sample size was determined 115 in each group. We used the frequency matching method and matched the two groups by age and menopause status. Age groups for matching were: 20–30 years, 31–40 years, 41–50 years, and 51–65 years. The cases were women with 20–65 years old, with BBD such as, fibrocystic diseases, ductal ectasia, fat necrosis, papillomatosis, adenosis with and without sclerosing, fibroadenoma, ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed by the physicians of ACECR within the past 1 month. The controls were selected from women accompanying patients or women who had been referred to the center for checkup and had no symptoms or complaints of BBD and were also found to be healthy at the clinical examination. Exclusion criteria included, BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2, subjects with history of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, kidney or liver diseases, stroke, food allergies, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, alcohol or drug addiction and the use of any tobacco at the moment or quit within the past 3 months based on the person's report. In addition, subjects with current pregnancy or lactation in the past year, hormone therapy in the last three months, taking any special, edible or injectable food supplement in the past month and have any particular diet in the last 2 months.