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Chapter 14 The use of marketing in infection prevention and control
Published in Paul Elliott, Julie Storr, Annette Jeanes, Barry Professor Cookson, Benedetta Professor Allegranzi, Marilyn ADJ Professor Cruickshank, Infection Prevention and Control, 2017
Social marketing uses marketing techniques to change or influence behaviours for the good of all.1 Essentially, it is an approach aimed at selling attitudes, behaviours and ideas. It is used extensively in healthcare. Examples of social marketing are:anti-smoking campaignsanti-alcohol campaignsbreast cancer screeningcondom use promotion.
Cancer Risk for Tobacco and Alcohol Use
Published in Peter G. Shields, Cancer Risk Assessment, 2005
Epidemiological evidence indicates that alcohol drinking is associated with a moderate increase in breast cancer risk (302–304). Singletary and Gapstur (305) summarized the relationship of alcohol to breast cancer in a recent review. They cited more than 5 separate meta-analyses, 2 major reviews, 5 prospective studies, and 33 other reports. There is a dose–response relationship between drinking and risk (306). Although some studies only identify a statistical increase for the highest levels of drinking, there is evidence that one to two drinks per day also contribute to breast cancer risk (307–309), and threshold values between 5 and 60 g per day have been suggested (310,311). Overall, there is about a 9% incremental increase in risk for 10 g of alcohol consumed per day (equivalent to less than one drink per day) (302,303,312). While ethanol generally is not an animal carcinogen, there are supportive models for breast cancer (313,314). In animal models, ethanol initiates mammary tumors (315) and dimethylbenzathracene (DMBA) followed by ethanol caused SD rat tumors (305).
The effect of catalase C262T gene polymorphism in susceptibility to ovarian cancer in Kermanshah province, Western Iran
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Mohammad-Taher Moradi, Mansour Khazaei, Mozafar Khazaei
A study conducted on non-smoking, non-alcohol-consuming breast cancer patients indicated no association between CAT C-262T polymorphism and risk of breast cancer, although it showed a significant association of MnSOD (1183T/C) and GPx1 (Pro198Leu) with the risk of breast cancer (Tsai et al. 2012). In a population of Caucasian women with breast cancer who received radiotherapy, no significant associations was found between CAT C262T and risk of acute radiotoxicity (Ahn et al. 2006).