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Phytoconstituent-Loaded Nanomedicines for Arthritis Management
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Syed Salman Ali, Snigdha Bhardwaj, Najam Ali Khan, Syed Sarim Imam, Chandra Kala
Nanomedicines present the medical use of nano-sized particles, nanofiber, and nanodevices for delivering the active drug in the diagnosis and treatment of disease to the target cells in the human body thereby offers less damage to a healthy cell in the body. Nanomedicines are being assumed to have a great impact in medical research (public health) and offer several advantages such as nanoscale devices in medicine are of great use because of their prompt interaction at the molecular level on the cell surface of cells as well as penetration into and within cell. This approach offers noninvasive fabrication of devices that facilitate the entry of these devices to the interior of a target cell without damaging the normal one, which needs a better understanding of concepts like cell’s biology and chemistry. Nano-carrier systems offer multiple advantages like improved bioavailability, dosing uniformity; speed up onset of action, and reduction in fasting and feeding variability as compared with traditional microparticulate systems. Nanomedicines represent advancement in drug delivery and types of delivery systems as well as the designing of miniaturized diagnostic and analytical methods (Moustafa et al., 2006).
Emerging Technologies for Particle Engineering
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Particles are an important part of many dosage forms and viewed as a carrier of drugs. Their size, shape, crystalline form, and structure directly affect the stability and releasing pattern of drugs. The constant requirement for the targeted delivery of therapeutically active agents has been the key driver in particle engineering and processing within the pharmaceutical sector. Particles are making particular advances in the area of human healthcare where they are being used to diagnose illnesses, cure cancer, deliver drugs, and retard aging. Particle science is becoming recognized as an enabling technology that helps us create new energy sources, clean our air and water, and build stronger and lighter materials. These increasingly complex agents are posing greater challenges to formulators because of their solubility, stability, and other physicochemical properties.
Nanomedicine(s) under the Microscope *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
The European Commission’s (EC) Joint Research Centre Report “Nanomedicine: Drivers for development and possible impacts” is also a comprehensive information source [9] that additionally observes the following: Nanoparticles for medical applications are defined as particles with a size between 1 and 1000 nm (a common interpretation in pharmaceutical sciences).Biochips are classified as nanotechnology only if they include nanoscale components.Polymer therapeutics are classified as nanomedicine.
Dry powder formulation of azithromycin for COVID-19 therapeutics
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Stefanie Ho Yi Chan, Khalid Sheikh, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, Satyanarayana Somavarapu
Although there are a lot of advantages of using nanoparticles in dry powder inhalation (DPI) delivery, such as higher drug loading capacity, increased cellular uptake, longer retention and higher chances of mucus penetration, there are several challenges that need to be overcome – (1) prevent aggregation of the particles in inhaler, (2) efficient redispersion of drug in lung fluid, (3) maintaining the particles in dry state until delivery, and (4) preservation of the particles and the corresponding biological activity of the drug throughout manufacturing stages. Therefore, particle engineering is introduced to produce particles of desired characteristics with lesser expense (Han et al. 2002). Commonly used particle engineering techniques include (1) make of large hollow nanoparticles for deep lung deposition, (2) make of effervescent particles to improve dispersion, (3) surface modification to improve nanoparticle characteristics as a delivery vehicle, and (4) encapsulating nanoparticles within microparticles to prevent particle aggregation.
Electronic cigarette aerosol increases the risk of organ dysfunction by enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Kedar N. Prasad, Stephen C. Bondy
E-cigarettes contain metals, such as copper wire coated with Ag,Sn, Ni, Cr Al, and Cu and these are then found in the aerosol of e-cigarettes as particles (Williams et al. 2013). These metal particles constitute a unique hazard of e-cigarettes as they are not found in regular cigarettes. E-cigarettes generate high concentrations of nanoparticles and fewer bigger particles (<10 μm) when compared to smoke from conventional cigarettes (Schripp et al. 2013). Smaller particle size is associated with a greater ability to produce free radicals (Abdal Dayem et al. 2017). Such particles can induce inflammation in tissues especially in the lung. Furthermore, nanoparticles from the aerosol can gradually distribute systemically and accumulate in other tissues including the liver, kidney, heart, and brain where they can promote inflammation (Ruszkiewicz et al. 2020).
The impact of aerosol box on tracheal intubation during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a systematic review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Trias Mahmudiono, Saurabh Singhal, Anas Amer Mohammad, Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas, Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia, Angel Santillán Haro, Yasir Salam Karim, Nizom Qurbonov, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Ahmed B. Mahdi, Yasser Fakri Mustafa
Although droplets and direct contact with the infected patient or contaminated surfaces are considered as the main routes of transmission of COVID‑19, the aerosol transmission may happen due to aerosol-generating procedures during treatment [1]. COVID‑19 pandemic is extremely challenging for healthcare workers, especially those involved in aerosol-generating activities such as intubation, extubation, etc. [44]. Despite the use of complete personnel protective equipment, the infection risk in healthcare workers remains high [45]. Additionally, proper standard personal protective equipment shortage, prolonged exposure, inadequate spacing, and operating rooms without negative pressure can increase the risks to healthcare workers [46]. Thus, a solution protecting healthcare workers from macroscopic contamination and aerosolized microscopic viral particles would be of great benefit. To reduce the risk of exposure to healthcare workers, different guidelines and innovative devices have recently been proposed for safe, accurate, and quick airway management in COVID‑19 infected patients.