China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Effects of Food Processing, Storage, and Cooking on Nutrients in Plant-Based Foods
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Washing helps eliminate dirt, microorganisms, pesticide residues, and soil and is an important step in the control of microbial residues in fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are washed either by immersing them in water tanks or water plumes with continuous water recirculation, which are used to decrease the amount of soil and dirt that come in with the harvested product (Figure 2.1).
Impact of Probiotics on Animal Health
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Sabrina da Silva Sabo, Elías Figueroa Villalobos, Anna Carolina Meireles Piazentin, André Moreni Lopes, Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira
Among the several agents being investigated as antibiotic substitute in horses, some probiotics microorganisms have been employed for treatment or prevention of diarrhea. Here we show and discuss the current evidence for probiotic use in equine medicine. In this sense, Landes et al. (2008) discuss that the intake of dirt and sand by horses can cause weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and colic caused by irritation and obstruction of the GIT. For this reason, these researchers hypothesized to increase fecal sand output in clinically normal horses in a natural environment by nutritional supplement mixing probiotics, prebiotics, and psyllium husk (i.e., a type of dietary fiber). They demonstrated that daily supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics in combination with psyllium enhanced fecal sand clearance in horses. According to results obtained, this approach may be an effective prophylactic treatment for sand colic and sand enteropathy in which administration alone of probiotic and prebiotic are not sufficient to prevent sand accumulation in the GIT.
Dirt, pollution and the body
Published in Karen Holland, Anthropology of Nursing, 2019
This issue of dirt and its polluting effect on the physical body is also translated into the context of the hospital whereas, as Littlewood (1991) pointed out, the sick in society are contained, and therefore everything associated with them is also contained so that others are not contaminated. She refers to some of what nurses are expected to do, such as nursing work related to clearing up ‘faeces, urine and vomit’ as ‘sick dirt’ and ‘so highly polluting that they would not be removed by domestics’ (p. 178). She also states that ‘nurses become intimately involved and identified with the containment of personal pollution’ (p. 178).
Reuse of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: systematic review, meta-analysis and quality assessment of the body of evidence
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Eliane Molina Psaltikidis, Eliana Auxiliadora Magalhães Costa, Kazuko Uchikawa Graziano
With respect to technical barriers, the challenge lies in validating a selection, functional testing and processing protocol that allows traceability and can be safely applied by institutions that intend to reuse PMs and ICDs. The definition of clear and feasible device acceptance parameters is vital. With respect to cleaning the devices, methods must be available that can adequately remove dirt and measure organic residues before sterilization. There is significant scope for research in this area, including the identification of microbial activity on explanted devices, the presence of biofilms, microscopic analysis of the external surface of the pacemaker to check for structural damage that favors biofilm formation, and the application of chemical tests to assess cleanliness, among others.
Beyond the Menstrual Shed: Exploring Caste/Ethnic and Religious Complexities of Menstrual Practices in Far-West Nepal
Published in Women's Reproductive Health, 2021
Sara E. Baumann, Pema Lhaki, Martha A. Terry, Marni Sommer, Trevor Cutlip, Monica Merante, Jessica G. Burke
Menstrual restrictions entrenched in the lives of Nepali women and girls of reproductive age are largely adopted to avoid transferring impurities that are associated with polluted menstrual blood to people and objects or places (Amatya, Ghimire, Callahan, Baral, & Poudel, 2018; Bennett, 2002; Cameron, 1998; Crawford et al., 2014). Therefore, women and girls are often separated from shared spaces and events in order to contain pollution (Bennett, 2002). In fact, the terms often used for menstruation in Nepali directly translate to “no touching” (na chhune) or “moving away” (para sarne) (Bennett, 2002). Such notions of pollution and uncleanliness are not unique to Nepal and have been witnessed throughout history in numerous different religious and cultural contexts. In her classic work on cultural concepts of dirt and pollution, Mary Douglas (1966, p. 2) described dirt as disorder: “Dirt offends against order. Eliminating it is not a negative movement, but a positive effort to organize the environment.” In Nepal, when menstrual rituals and rites are followed, it is believed by many that the “dirty” or “polluted” can be managed and, in doing so, social order can be maintained. Creating such order protects people and communities from perceived danger or negative consequences, including natural disasters and disease (Bennett, 2002; Cameron, 1998).
Parental Knowledge Influenced the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Sociodramatic Play on Diarrheal Preventive Behavior in School-Age Children
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2019
Lita Heni Kusumawardani, Sigit Mulyono, Poppy Fitriyani
The school-age period is the earliest phase in which children can develop healthy and clean behaviors. Regardless, the comprehension of healthy behaviors among school-aged children is relatively low still, so they are exposed to the risk of health problems, such as diarrhea. The risk of health problems on school-age children directly by several risk factors, such as biological, behavioral, physical environmental, and social environmental risks (Allender, Rector, & Warner, 2014). School-aged children are at a stage in which they prefer to participate in activities outside the home and to play with their peers. School-aged children who lack clean, and healthy life behaviors are exposed to the increasing risk of experiencing health problems, including diarrheal diseases. They do not care about the hygiene of their playground, which features dirt, rivers, and fields, or of other outdoor areas outside their homes. Bodily contact with dirt increases the risk of diarrhea (Tambuwun, Ismanto, & Silolonga, 2015). Therefore, encouraging clean and healthy life behaviors has become an important target of health education in an attempt to improve diarrhea disease prevention among school-aged children.