China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James A. Mastrianni, Elizabeth A. Harris
Possible bvFTD: three of the following must be present: Early behavioral disinhibition.Early apathy or inertia.Early loss of sympathy or empathy.Early perseverative, stereotyped, compulsive, or ritualistic behavior.Hyperorality and dietary changes.Executive/generation deficits with relative sparing of memory and visuospatial functions.
Psychological determinants of substance misuse by young people
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Children and young people who have a tendency to indulge in anti-social behaviour are at greater than average risk of both drug use and trauma. This tendency or trait, sometimes termed, ‘behavioural disinhibition’ (Young et al., 2009) is an individual’s inability to inhibit socially undesirable or restricted behavior [including] impulsivity and sensation-seeking … Individuals who score at the high end of the behavioral disinhibition spectrum are hyposensitive to the negative consequences of socially undesirable behaviors, even in the face of adverse educational, economic, interpersonal and legal consequences. This dimension may manifest cognitively in executive function (EF) deficits, particularly in the domain of response inhibition.
Recreational Therapy Program for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Published in Gregory J. Murrey, Alternate Therapies in the Treatment of Brain Injury and Neurobehavioral Disorders, 2017
Since most patients who have suffered a severe traumatic brain injury will need to learn to live off of a reduced or fixed income, money management and budget planning are critical skills for these patients. However, as previously discussed, many patients with a severe brain injury also present with poor impulse control and behavioral disinhibition, which can include impulse buying and spending. Such behaviors, combined with limited funds, quickly result in patients having no funds in a very short period of time, which leads to further frustration, agitation, and physical aggression. Lack of funds may often lead to very limited leisure and recreational opportunities. Recreational therapy, in cooperation with other therapies (speech, occupational, etc.) can help patients learn and apply such skills as budget planning and spending prioritization. During community-based treatments and activities, the recreational therapist provides the patients with cues and skill-building techniques regarding purchase choices and priorities, and cues them back to their preestablished budget/spending plan.
Nonmedical Social Determinants, Syndemic Conditions, and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in a Treatment-seeking Community Sample: A Latent Class Analysis
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2023
Jillian R. Scheer, Emily C. Helminen, Joshua C. Felver, Deb Coolhart
Given that multiple factors influence treatment-seeking individuals’ STB (e.g., nonmedical social determinants, syndemic conditions), our findings underscore the need for multilevel interventions (Alegria et al., 2021). For example, cognitive inflexibility, negative cognitions, and behavioral disinhibition represent core transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying co-occurring eating disorders, anxiety, and depression (Jenkinson, Taylor, & Laws, 2018). Individuals who report these syndemic conditions should be connected to providers offering transdiagnostic evidence-based treatment (e.g., the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders; Barlow et al., 2011). For example, clinicians might focus on fostering clients’ distress tolerance and cognitive reappraisal skills (Thompson-Brenner, Boswell, Espel-Huynh, Brooks, & Lowe, 2019).
Health and cognition among adults with and without Traumatic Brain Injury: A matched case–control study
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Raj G. Kumar, Jessica M. Ketchum, Flora M. Hammond, Thomas A. Novack, Therese M. O’Neil-Pirozzi, Marc A. Silva, Kristen Dams-O’Connor
Multiple mechanisms may underlie elevated disease burden after TBI, including chronic systemic inflammation (19), neuroendocrine disturbance (9), and altered metabolism (20). TBI-related cognitive impairment likely has particularly important implications for overall post-TBI health. A range of health maintenance and promotion behaviors (e.g., scheduling/keeping medical appointments, planning healthy meals, taking medications as prescribed, minimizing substance use and other potentially deleterious health behaviors) are supported by neurological processes that are often selectively and chronically impaired following TBI.3 Impaired cognition can also underlie and exacerbate other common consequences of TBI, such as mood disturbance and behavioral disinhibition. To our knowledge, the association between cognitive functioning and health after TBI compared to the general population has not been previously investigated.
The treatment of acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: investigational drugs in early stages of their clinical development, and their clinical context and potential place in therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2020
Potential side effects of benzodiazepines in the short term, acute management setting include respiratory depression, dizziness, extreme sedation, dry mouth, and increased risk of falls and cognitive impacts in the elderly [3,26]. Respiratory side effects like drop in oxygen saturation appear to be more common with midazolam, potentially due to the faster onset and shorter half-life, leading to more frequent re-dosing [26]. Benzodiazepines may be most advantageous for patients with agitation and psychosis or mania who are also undergoing, or assumed to be undergoing, alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal, or excited catatonia [29]. On a practical note, dosing will need to be adjusted in persons chronically exposed to benzodiazepine treatment as they likely have developed some degree of physiological tolerance. The phenomenon of behavioral disinhibition, although reported in the medical literature, is uncommon [30]. Benzodiazepines are not FDA-approved for agitation associated with psychosis or mania.