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Biliary Atresia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Biliary atresia is associated with fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. Therefore, vitamins A, D, E, and K must be supplemented. 2,000 micrograms of vitamin A per gram = 1 ml = 7,500 IU. Starting dose is 1 ml once daily. Starting dose of vitamin D = 30–50 nanograms/kg once a day rounded to nearest 100 nanograms. Starting dose of vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) = 50 mg (68 IU) once a day.2
Tocopheryl Acetate
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Tocopheryl acetate is the acetate ester of tocopherol (vitamin E). Being a strong antioxidant, tocopherol is unstable and is usually esterified to facilitate stability; tocopheryl acetate is the most widely used form. The primary health-related use for which tocopheryl acetate is formally indicated is as a dietary supplement for patients who demonstrate a genuine vitamin E deficiency. At the same time, vitamin E deficiency is generally quite rare but may occur in premature babies of very low birth weight (< 1500 grams), individuals with fat-malabsorption disorders (as fat is required for the digestive tract to absorb vitamin E), or individuals with a-β-lipoproteinemia, which is a rare, inherited disorder that causes poor absorption of dietary fat (1).
Micronutrients in Cancer Prevention
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
The overwhelming majority of studies performed on the two-stage model of carcinogenesis suggest that the supplementation with high doses of individual antioxidants such as vitamin C,103 vitamin E,104 retinoids,105 and carotenoids106,107 reduced the risk of chemical-induced tumors. Among various forms of vitamin E, alpha-TS was the most effective form as an anticancer agent.104 In the Lady transgenic animal model, the combination of vitamin E, selenium, and lycopene was effective in reducing the risk of prostate cancer, whereas the combination of vitamin E and selenium was ineffective.108 The result of the combined effect of vitamin E and selenium is consistent with the results of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) in which the combination of vitamin E and selenium was found to be ineffective in reducing the risk of prostate cancer.109In p53 knockout pregnant mice, prenatal supplementation with vitamin E (all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) reduced postnatal malignancies by reducing the levels of DNA oxidation.110
A review of toxic effects of electronic cigarettes/vaping in adolescents and young adults
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Daniel L. Overbeek, Alexandra P. Kass, Laura E. Chiel, Edward W. Boyer, Alicia M. H. Casey
The e-liquid must have specific physiochemical properties to enable e-cigarette function. Most e-cigarettes have a tank or pod to hold the e-liquid attached to a coil which heats and vaporizes the components. Liquid that is too viscous can obstruct the heating elements or not vaporize correctly. A commonly used thickening agent for THC-containing e-liquid is vitamin E acetate (or tocopheryl acetate). The CDC has identified vitamin E acetate as “strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak” (CDC 2020). In September of 2019, New York State Department of Health reported the detection of vitamin E acetate in a number of samples of THC-containing e-liquid which had been used by individuals who later developed pulmonary symptoms (Sun 2019). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples obtained from 51 patients showed the presence of vitamin E acetate in 48 of 51 BAL samples (Blount et al. 2020).
Preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes as a novel carrier system for the antiviral drug Triazavirin
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Ksenia V. Kozhikhova, Maria N. Ivantsova, Maria I. Tokareva, Iliya D. Shulepov, Andrey V. Tretiyakov, Lev V. Shaidarov, Vladimir L. Rusinov, Maxim A. Mironov
In subsequent experiments, the possibility to decrease the average diameter of liposomes and increase in the content of the charge-forming component in compositions was investigated. Thus, the effect of methyl palmitate on lipid compositions was studied. The dependence of average liposome size on the percentage input of methyl palmitate was investigated in liposomes produced by extrusion through membranes of pore diameter 200 nm and 100 nm. The resulting graphs (Figure 3) illustrate that the optimal concentration of methyl palmitate in lipid composition was determined to be 5%, which was thus used for further studies. The addition of this component produced a liposome size of 145–150 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.13–0.15 even satisfying the requirements of parenteral pharmaceuticals. The common picture of size distribution by intensity of liposomes following extrusion through Anotop membranes of pore diameter 100 nm is shown in Figure 4. Tocopheryl acetate (2–5%) was introduced into a liposomal composition to prevent oxidation of the samples. The resulting liposomal composition (I) was used as a carrier for Triazavirin in the next stage (Table 1).
Systematic review on activity of liposomal encapsulated antioxidant, antibiotics, and antiviral agents
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Reshna K. R, Preetha Balakrishnan, Sreerag Gopi
Diamino-tocopherol acetate, commonly known as tocopheryl acetate, tocopherol acetate, or vitamin E acetate. Vitamin E is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Antioxidants are molecules that help to protect your body from harmful compounds known as free radicals. Hydrogenated lecithin (H-PC) was sonicated (S) or injected (l) into ethanol containing di-tocopherol acetate. To learn more about the cutaneous absorption of VEA, researchers examined the impact of liposomes on it. The S-liposome particle diameter was smaller than that of the I-liposome. Thirty minutes after application to the arms of healthy human volunteers, as well as to hairless rat’s back skin, the S-liposome H-PC penetration was considerably higher than the I-liposome H-PC penetration.