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Eichhornia crassipes: Shedding Light on its Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Industrial Uses
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Fadia S. Youssef, Noor H. Aysa, Mohamed L. Ashour
Biogas is considered as a clean and agreeable fuel generated through the anaerobic assimilation of natural squanders such as cow excrement and vegetable squanders. Nowadays, it has become highly significant for local industries as fuel because of its expenses and tidiness. The essential part of the gas is methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide; thus, water hyacinth can be utilized as a potential feedstock for biogas creation because of its high carbon-nitrogen proportion. Biogas generation restores bioenergy via anaerobic absorption of water hyacinth followed by its co-assimilation with leafy foods squander and nitrogen to be recovered in the fluid profluent and thus it can be used as an effective fluid manure. Minimal effort biomass might be utilized to create fluids, gases, and biochar in a cost-efficient and ecologically inviting way through pyrolysis or co-pyrolysis in the future (Jayaweera et al. 2007b, Hernandez-Shek et al. 2016, Mishra and Maiti 2017).
The Toxic Environment and Its Medical Implications with Special Emphasis on Smoke Inhalation
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Jacob Loke, Richard A. Matthay, G. J. Walker. Smith
The toxic fire environment depends not only on the materials that are available at the time of the fires, but also on the flammability of these products and the thermal decomposition modes of these materials. Different materials have varied ignition temperatures and varying degrees of flammability. Also, products can be degraded in the flaming (combustion) condition, or nonflaming (smoldering or pyrolysis) condition, or both. Under field conditions, pyrolysis is defined as thermal decomposition of materials in an area without sufficient oxygen, and combustion represents thermal degradation of material where there is an adequate supply of oxygen. In the laboratory, differentiating between pyrolysis and combustion has important implications since toxic gases may be increased when substances are decomposed in the pyrolysis state rather than in the combustion state, and the degree of emission of toxic gases (e.g., from combusion of plastic polymers) can be different under flaming or nonflaming conditions (Levin et al., 1985b). Other factors that may contribute to the spread of a fire and smoke include the quantity of material that is available, the presence of other combustibles, ventilation conditions, the volume in which the combustion products may spread, the ignition sources, and the fire protection systems (Levin et ah, 1983b).
Introduction
Published in Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht, Bamboo Shoot, 2020
Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht
Generally, bamboo biomass comprises 40–45% cellulose, 25–35% hemicellulose and 15–30% lignin, which can be converted into low molecular weight compounds including alcohol and biofuel. Through pyrolysis, bamboo can be converted into three valuable products: bamboo charcoal, oil and gas. Changing the pyrolysis parameters like temperature and oxygen can lead to the development of different products.
Bioprospecting of aqueous phase from pyrolysis of plant waste residues to disrupt MRSA biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Srividhya Krishnan, Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman, Sowndarya Jothipandiyan, Ponnusami Venkatachalam, Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam, Nithyanand Paramasivam
Pyrolysis is one such thermochemical conversion process that provides a solution to stubble burning and also helps to sequester carbon in the form of biochar (Corona et al. 2020). During pyrolysis, biomass is subjected to thermal decomposition under an inert atmosphere like nitrogen and the constituent components of biomass are degraded and disintegrated. This yields three different products viz., solid (biochar), liquid (bio-oil and aqueous phase) and gas (syngas and non-condensable gases), respectively (Vuppaladadiyam et al. 2022). Pyrolysis is a promising alternative process for the development of ‘drop-in’ biofuels which has the potential to replace non-renewable fossil fuels (Pešenjanski et al. 2016). The life cycle assessment of pyrolysis of biomass have shown that it is sustainable process for energy generation and has excellent environmental benefits (Patel Amit et al. 2014). The aqueous phase of plant biomass upon pyrolysis is generally considered as a waste and cannot be released into the environment without further treatment. Due to the presence of large number of oxygenated organics along with several micro- and macro-nutrients, its direct release in water bodies would lead to eutrophication and environmental pollution (Leng et al. 2021).
Analyzing pesticides and metal(loid)s in imported tobacco to Saudi Arabia and risk assessment of inhalation exposure to certain metals
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2022
Mohammed A. Al Mutairi, Hatim A. Al Herbish, Rakan S. Al-Ajmi, Hatim Z. Alhazmi, Reham A. Al-Dhelaan, Abdullah M. Alowaifeer
There is a considerable gap in the literature regarding the presence of pesticide residue in tobacco, which could be due to the degradation of pesticides in tobacco smoke. The degradation of pesticides in tobacco was explained by Quadroni and Bettinetti (2019). After harvesting tobacco, pesticides are found on tobacco leaves even after precoding a tobacco cigarette ready for smoking. During tobacco smoking, both pesticide residues present in tobacco leaves and other additives are burnt. Burning cigarettes would break down pesticide residues but not degrade them. Smokers inhale degraded pesticide residues during cigarette smoking. According to Chapman (2003), the rate of pesticide transfer from tobacco to smoke is about 12–20% of the unsmoked tobacco before combustion. As a consequence, smoking tobacco would expose smokers to pesticide residues remind in tobacco. While much is known about the serious health concerns associated with tobacco usage, little is known about the extent to which pesticides in tobacco may exacerbate the health problems associated with tobacco use. The pyrolytic breakdown of pesticides may lead to the formation of potentially reactive substances that may be carcinogenic.
Novel carbon dots derived from Schizonepetae Herba Carbonisata and investigation of their haemostatic efficacy
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Meiling Zhang, Yan Zhao, Jinjun Cheng, Xiaoman Liu, Yongzhi Wang, Xin Yan, Yue Zhang, Fang Lu, Qingguo Wang, Huihua Qu
CDs are zero-dimensional carbon nanostructure materials with particle sizes <10 nm [42,43], which typically display size- and excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence behaviour [44]. As an emerging novel nanomaterial, a variety of synthesis methods has been developed. However, there is still lacking of ideal choice, because most of these approaches have some disadvantages such as requiring a large quantity of strong CDs acids and complex process [45]. From the environmental conservation point of view, the study of new carbon sources for facile, economical, simple and green synthesis is highly desired, especially for CDs with bioactivities. Pyrolysis, which is described as the direct thermal decomposition of a biomass in the absence of oxygen [46], has numerous merits such as a simple experimental setup, easy control of the reaction, facile operation and environmental friendliness [47]. In this study, a modified pyrolysis method was used to prepared SHC-CDs, which was conducive to the further investigation of the bioactivities.