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Postpartum Health and Lactation
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Kristi R. VanWinden, Elizabeth Collins
Postpartum blues is a self-limited condition that affects up to 80% of women in the first few days postpartum and typically resolves within 2 weeks, without impairing the mother’s ability to function and care for the infant.51 Treatment centers around emotional and social support while awaiting spontaneous resolution.
Psychiatric disorders in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Postpartum blues is a transient experience characterized by insomnia, anxiety, mood lability, irritability, and tearfulness, occurring exclusively within the first 2 weeks after delivery. It occurs in up to 75% of postpartum women (38), making it so common that most practitioners believe that it should not be considered a disorder. It has a minor functional impact and usually resolves spontaneously. Management is limited to reassurance and support without medications. However, close follow-up is indicated; women experiencing severe blues symptoms are at higher risk to develop a postpartum depressive episode (39).
Postpartum Problems (The Puerperium), Including Neonatal Problems – Answers
Published in Rekha Wuntakal, Madhavi Kalidindi, Tony Hollingworth, Get Through, 2014
Rekha Wuntakal, Madhavi Kalidindi, Tony Hollingworth
Postnatal depression usually occurs within the first 4 to 6 weeks and the symptoms include one or more of the following: tearfulness, irritability, low mood for long durations, lack of interest in herself or her baby, unable to cope and sleep, feeling guilty, thoughts of harming herself or baby. History of delusions or hallucinations will indicate psychosis. Postpartum blues occur between days 3 to 10 after delivery and the symptoms spontaneously resolve within a few days without any treatment. Symptoms can include brief episodes of mood lability, tearfulness, poor sleep and irritability; reassurance and support are the mainstay of management.
Contemporary management of unipolar depression in the perinatal period
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Bhuvaneshwari Sethuraman, Susan Thomas, Krishnamachari Srinivasan
The course and presentation of postpartum depression is highly heterogeneous. Postpartum blues are common in two thirds of women and they present with mild exhaustion, mood swings, anxiety, irritability and tearfulness. They typically begin 3–4 days after childbirth and resolve in few hours to few days. They generally do not require any intervention. One of the distinguishing features between postpartum depression and postpartum blues is that the latter is transient, while postpartum depression is persistent and longer lasting with adverse impact on child-care and the mother’s overall functioning. Some women with postpartum depression report suicidal ideation and are at an increased risk for suicide [45]. While in majority of women, postpartum depression improves within 3–6 months after childbirth, some longitudinal studies have shown that in about 30% of women, depression persists beyond the first postpartum year [46] and can even persist up to several years after child birth [47]. Poor marital relationship, inadequate maternal care, sexual abuse and financial constraints, and personality factors like trait anxiety, self-criticism and problems managing role demands were predictive of persistent depressive symptoms in the postpartum period [46]. In LMIC settings, poverty, lower level of education, having five or more children and lack of perceived support have been shown to be associated with persistent depression in the postpartum period [48].
Status of postpartum depression in Turkey: A meta-analysis
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2018
Zekiye Karaçam, Ayden Çoban, Burcu Akbaş, Erdem Karabulut
A scan of the literature in Turkey on PPD indicates that there are quite a number of local studies. These studies, however, need to be assessed as a whole to yield more comprehensive national data on the issue. Coincidentally, a similar research was published during the publication phase of our study (Keser Özcan et al., 2017). However, our study has added to the literature further information about the consolidated prevalence of PPD, situation by regions of Turkey, possible risk factors, meta-analysis results, cutoff point of scale used, and effect size of each research. In addition, by excluding the studies making in the postpartum first 10 days in this study, the effects of postpartum blues were eliminated and more specific information for PPD was added to the literature. For this reason, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, our purpose was to determine the prevalence of PPD and related risk factors in Turkey based on the available research. It is expected that the data obtained will contribute to the scientific accumulation of knowledge on the subject and to the planning and application of health care services. The questions posed in the study were: (a) What is the prevalence of PPD in Turkey? (b) What are the risk factors associated with PPD?
Emotions and Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Published in Women's Reproductive Health, 2018
Marci Lobel, Sirena M. Ibrahim
Following childbirth, many women experience mild depressive symptoms (“postpartum blues”) that typically resolve within approximately 10 days and that are attributable to the stress of giving birth, recovery from anesthesia administered during labor and delivery, lack of sleep, and the stress of caring for a newborn (Buttner, O'Hara, & Watson, 2012; Nonacs & Cohen, 1998). Apart from this, approximately 10% to 15% of women (Le Strat, Dubertret, & Le Foll, 2011; Reck et al., 2008) experience a full-blown, clinically diagnosable depressive episode that emerges in the first 30 days following childbirth (“postpartum depression”). Postpartum depression causes suffering and decrements in functioning (Gavin et al., 2005; Nonacs & Cohen, 1998), and it goes without saying that women who are clinically depressed following childbirth need and deserve proper diagnosis, safe and effective treatment, and the support of their health care providers and loved ones. However, the widespread focus on screening and treatment of postpartum depression, well described by Vaswani et al. (2018), seems to have diverted our attention from several facts. One fact is that the vast majority of women do not experience postpartum depression. A second fact is that whether or not a woman is clinically depressed, pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting impose substantial burdens on women. These burdens are potent risk factors for disordered mood. Some women possess the psychological, social, and tangible resources that enable them to adapt well to the burdens of the prenatal and postpartum period, whereas others lack sufficient resources (Collins, Dunkel-Schetter, Lobel, & Scrimshaw, 1993; Hamilton & Lobel, 2008; Ibrahim et al., 2017; Ritter, Hobfoll, Lavin, Cameron, & Hulsizer, 2000; Yali & Lobel, 2002). Focusing on the resolution of postpartum depression through individualized treatments—whether the treatments involve psychotherapeutic techniques or antidepressant medication—overlooks the need to focus on the underlying conditions and context that elevate a woman's risk for depression both before and after the birth of a child.