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Fetal Exposure to Mother’s Distress
Published in Rosa Maria Quatraro, Pietro Grussu, Handbook of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, 2020
Catherine Monk, Sophie Foss, Preeya Desai, Vivette Glover
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale consists of ten self-reported items, is quite brief, has been translated into 12 languages, requires a low reading level, and is easy to score. As indicated, it includes anxiety symptoms and minimizes the inclusion of somatic symptoms of depression, such as changes in sleeping patterns that are common during pregnancy independent of depression. The inclusion of these constitutional symptoms in other screening instruments, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, reduces their specificity for perinatal depression. With the exception of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, other instruments have at least 20 questions and, thus, take more time to complete and score (Ji et al., 2011; Gynecologists, 2015).
Postnatal depression
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
Early detection is important. This cannot be done until the end of the first week or two, by which time the baby blues will have passed. Women may recognise there is something wrong, but few may think they have postnatal depression, and even fewer report how they feel to health professionals (unless asked).9 Screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale has been shown to be an easy and reliable way of detecting postnatal depression.10 It is a 10-item, self-report questionnaire with high specificity and sensitivity. It has been used and validated in clinical practice in primary care. Several studies have shown how easy it is for health visitors and general practitioners to use.11 Each question is scored 0–3, according to increased severity of the symptom. Questions 1, 2 and 4 are scored 0-1-2-3, while questions 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are reverse scored 3-2-1-0. A score of 12 or above is an indicator of the need for further assessment. Some mothers may find the questions intrusive, and would prefer to talk about how they feel.12 Whether or not this questionnaire is used, clinical assessment remains important.13
Withdrawal and depression
Published in Mervyn Dean, Juan-Diego Harris, Claud Regnard, Jo Hockley, Symptom Relief in Palliative Care, 2018
Mervyn Dean, Juan-Diego Harris, Claud Regnard, Jo Hockley
Depression can be missed since it is easily misinterpreted as sadness or masked by anxiety.3–7 Recognizing depression depends on the patient’s manner, identifying clues in interviews and the use of screening tools.8 Screening tools increase the likelihood of diagnosis and treatment,9–11 but none are ideal.12 The Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale needs to have a higher cut-off threshold to be useful.2,6 The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale may be a more useful screening tool.3,6,13 A simple screening tool may be to ask, ‘Have you had a depressed mood most of the day nearly every day?’.6,14,15 The diagnosis of depression is made on the following characteristics.
Psychological Distress Prospectively Predicts Later Sleep Quality in a Sample of Black American Postpartum Mothers
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2022
Madeleine F. Cohen, Elizabeth J. Corwin, Anne L. Dunlop, Patricia A. Brennan
Postnatal depressive symptoms were assessed using summary scores from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Cox et al., 1987). Mothers were asked to decide whether statements referencing low mood and anhedonia described them in the past week. One item on the EPDS directly references sleep and fatigue (“I have been so unhappy that I have had difficulty sleeping.”) and was thus removed from all subsequent analyses, resulting in a total of nine EPDS items. Scores on the EPDS range from zero to 30; scores greater than or equal to ten suggest clinically significant depressive symptoms in Black American perinatal women (Tandon et al., 2012). In the current study sample, internal consistency for the 9-item scale was good: Cronbach’s α = 0.86 (3-months postpartum), 0.87 (6-months postpartum).
Task-sharing and piloting WHO group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-G) for adolescent mothers living with HIV in Nairobi primary health care centers: a process paper
Published in AIDS Care, 2021
Obadia Yator, Martha Kagoya, Lincoln Khasakhala, Grace John-Stewart, Manasi Kumar
Our study recruited 25 postpartum adolescents ages 15–24 years comprising of intervention arm (n=13) and waitlist group (n=12). The intervention group received IPT-G at week 12 and week 20 for the waitlist group. A follow-up for six months was done for both groups. This study was conducted in two informal settlements: Kangemi and Kariobangi health centers in Nairobi County by CHWs (two community health assistants and six community health volunteers). We attained the desired sample size of 25 PPAs with significant depressive symptoms after screening 46 of the PPAs using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS)>10. FGDs was conducted for the PPA (n=19) and CHWs (n=7) to understand their perceptions and experiences of IPT-G. In-depth interviews were conducted amongst: nursing officer-in-charge (n=2), laboratory technologist (n=2), PMTCT-nurse (n=2), CHAs (n=2) and PMTCT lay leaders (n=2) at the two PMTCT clinics.
Postpartum Depression Risk in Husbands of Women Who Had Caesarean Section Deliveries in Turkey
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2018
Gulten Isik Koc, PhD, Sule Ergol, PhD
This study was conducted as a descriptive study. Husbands of 313 women who gave birth for the first time and via caesarean section in Zonguldak Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Turkey between February and March of 2014 were included in the study. The data were collected in two stages through a sociodemographic data collection form prepared by the researchers and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In the first stage, the fathers were informed about the aim of the study and their written consents were received at the seventh day after birth when they came with their wives to the hospital for the first visit and the sociodemographic data collection form was applied by the researchers. In the second stage, the researchers visited the fathers at home or at work in the eighth postpartum week and fathers filled out the EPDS by themselves. The reason for interviewing with the fathers at the eighth postpartum week is that duration of the postpartum period after caesarean section is defined as 8 weeks (Akan & Taskin, 2016). The risk of depression in mothers was an independent variable in the study, so the EPDS was applied to participants’ wives in the second stage. Fifteen fathers who could not be reached for the second stage of data collection were excluded from the study, and the study was completed with 298 fathers.