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Restricted eating disorders
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
Women with eating disorders have been known to report more difficulties in breastfeeding and cease earlier38, although those with bulimia often breastfeed longer16. Growth rates for the babies of mothers with eating disorders have been shown in some studies to be lower15, with the suggested explanations being either breastfeeding difficulties or breast milk quality and quantity and/or self-consciousness when breastfeeding39. Since women with eating disorders will often experience an exaggerated sense of embarrassment and awareness of their bodies, it is understandable that breastfeeding may be difficult for them, and extra support may be necessary.
Understanding Perinatal Mental Health Problems
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Research in the field of psycho-neuro-immunology has revealed that depression is associated with inflammation manifested by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with physical and psychological stressors increasing inflammation (Kendall-Tackett, 2007). Moreover, inflammation explains why psychosocial, behavioural, and physical risk factors increase the risk of depression. This is true for depression in general and for postpartum depression in particular. Pregnant and postnatal women are especially vulnerable to these effects because their levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly increase during the last trimester of pregnancy – a time when they are also at higher risk for depression (Kendall-Tackett, 2007). Further, common experiences of new motherhood, such as sleep disturbance, postpartum pain, and past or current psychological trauma, are stressors that cause proinflammatory cytokine levels to rise. Breastfeeding has a protective effect on maternal mental health because it attenuates stress and modulates the inflammatory response. However, breastfeeding difficulties, such as nipple pain, can increase the risk of depression (Kendall-Tackett, 2007).
Psychobiological foundations of early sensory-motor development and implications for neonatal care
Published in Philip N. Murphy, The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology, 2018
Victoria Dumont, Maryse Delaunay-El Allam, Nadège Roche-Labarbe
Familiar odorants and tastes constitute another area of research for chronic stress and pain management in neonates. The mother’s milk is frequently mentioned, but any odorant experienced in a calm context also reduces pain responses in premature and term-born neonates (Goubet et al., 2007; Rattaz & Goubet, 2005). It may be the reassuring effect of familiarity or the learned association with physical comfort that makes infants anticipate a positive outcome when later stimulated with the target odours and be more distracted by them when a painful procedure intervenes. However, repetitive exposure to the mother’s milk odour during painful procedures, especially if the baby already encounters breastfeeding difficulties, may lead to further negative expectations and rejection of breast milk odour. Feeding premature neonates at the mother’s breast is always highly difficult, particularly during the crucial period of transitioning from enteral to oral feeding. Therefore, the proposal of mother’s milk or mother’s milk odour should be proscribed during painful procedures before autonomous oral feeding is achieved. Later, though, if breastfeeding is well engaged, it may be used for occasional pain relief, notably during vaccination.
Reviewing the experiences of maternal guilt – the “Motherhood Myth” influence
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2021
Georgia Constantinou, Sharon Varela, Beryl Buckby
Frankhouser and Defenbaugh (2017) and Seagram and Daniluk (2002) described a deep sense of failure as mothers, due to breastfeeding difficulties. One mother was unable to breastfeed and described feeling she had failed, reflecting “…I failed at breastfeeding despite seeking out lactation consultants. I felt that I could barely provide our son with his minimal needs…” (Frankhouser & Defenbaugh, 2017, p. 543), while another mother reported she was unable to breastfeed her child directly, which impacted on her image of motherhood “My body wasn’t behaving the way I wanted it to behave. I didn’t dilate, and after 19 h of labor I was only three centimeters dilated and it was just like, ‘I can’t take it anymore! I can’t do this!’ So I had an epidural which I never wanted. You know, all those things..it’s like your expectations are knocked down one by one. I was feeling inadequate.. and I wasn’t able to breastfeed him directly either. My image as a mother was just crumbling” (Seagram & Daniluk, 2002, p. 78).
Effectiveness of frenectomy for ankyloglossia correction in terms of breastfeeding and maternal outcomes: A critically appraised topic
Published in Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2019
Hannah Butenko, Vanessa Fung, Sarahlouise White
Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue tie, is a congenital oral abnormality where an unusually thick, short or tight band of tissue limits lingual movement (Ottawa, 2016). Tongue tie is associated with breastfeeding difficulties related to an inability of the infant to successfully latch on to the nipple and to form a strong seal. Often there is considerable maternal nipple pain (Hogan et al., 2005). Breastfeeding difficulties caused by ankyloglossia are often initially managed through intensive counseling and support provided by the lactation consultant (Manipon, 2016). Lactation consultants in Australia are health professionals that hold an International Board-Certified Lactation Consultation (IBCLC) qualification; who work in hospitals and child health services and support women with establishing and maintaining breastfeeding.
Infant feeding practices of teenage mothers attending a well-baby clinic in a public hospital in Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018
S Pillay, W Sibanda, MR Ghuman, A Coutsoudis
Our results were not unexpected by comparing them to other recent studies. The main finding of this study showed that a young age of ≤ 17 years, completing Grade 11 or above and experiencing breastfeeding difficulties were associated with early breastfeeding cessation. It can be expected that younger adolescents were less likely to continue since it may be related to the lower levels of emotional maturity. In a US study, similar reports of differences between the younger and older adolescents has been reported.15 The association found in this study between early cessation and mothers having progressed further with their education (8.6% higher) has also been reported by others.7