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DTI of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
Sumei Wang, John H. Woo, Elias R. Melhem
WM tracts of the temporal Stern can be evaluated independently by using diffusion tensor tractography. Impairment of the uncinate fasciculus and inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus has been reported in AD patients, while Meyer’s loop, which was included as a control, was not affected (Fig. 3) (62).
Neuroimaging in concussion
Published in Brian Sindelar, Julian E. Bailes, Sports-Related Concussion, 2017
Matthew T. Walker, Monther Qandeel
Using the results from studies that have performed Region of Interest (ROI) analysis to examine several regions throughout the brain, Niogi et al. found that the frontal and temporal white matter structures demonstrated the most abnormal FA profiles, in both the acute and chronic phases. Specifically, the anterior corona radiata, uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the anterior corpus callosum were the most commonly injured tracts.30–32 A few of the more recent studies have shown correlations between abnormal FA in specific white matter tracts and impairment in certain cognitive domains. For example, loss of the integrity of frontal and temporal white matter pathways correlated with deficits in executive attention and memory, while FA of the uncinate fasciculus bilaterally correlated with verbal memory. With large-scale multicenter studies, quantitative DTI may serve a predictive role in mTBI/concussion in the future.33,34
Exercise as neuroenhancer in children with ADHD
Published in Romain Meeusen, Sabine Schaefer, Phillip Tomporowski, Richard Bailey, Physical Activity and Educational Achievement, 2017
Sebastian Ludyga, Serge Brand, Markus Gerber, Uwe Pühse
Despite the multidimensional character of ADHD, researchers have made attempts to understand the mechanisms underlying the behavioural symptoms. Investigations of brain structure and function in particular have advanced our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder, so that abnormalities in frontostriatal and frontoparietal networks as well as other regions are considered to be central to ADHD dysfunctions (Cherkasova & Hechtman, 2009). The frontoparietal network is also described as the executive control circuit, which guides goal-directed executive processes and configures information processing in response to variable task demands (Menon, 2011; Vincent, Kahn, Snyder, Raichle, & Buckner, 2008). In several prefrontal brain regions involved in the frontoparietal network children with ADHD showed volume reductions compared to healthy controls (Valera, Faraone, Murray, & Seidman, 2007). This cortical thinning is possibly due to a 2–3-year delay in structural maturation (Shaw et al., 2007). Moreover, children with ADHD show disruptions in uncinate fasciculus (Hamilton et al., 2008), a white-matter fibre tract connecting frontal and temporal lobes.
An investigation of white matter properties as they relate to spelling behaviour in skilled and impaired readers
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2023
Kulpreet Cheema, Sarah Sweneya, Julia Craig, Truc Huynh, Amberley V. Ostevik, Alesha Reed, Jacqueline Cummine
Finally, the uncinate fasciculus (UF) is a white matter tract that connects the frontal lobe with the anterior temporal lobe. The UF has been found to be involved in processing semantic information (Agosta et al., 2010), sarcastic language (Downey et al., 2015) and decreases in UF FA have been linked with decreases in lexical processing in primary progressive aphasia (Wilson et al., 2011). In our own work, we have repeatedly found that the left UF is significantly related to highly automatized/familiar reading processes in skilled adults (Bakhtiari et al., 2014; Cummine et al., 2015). But we have yet to examine the role of the UF in adults with literacy impairments and, additionally, the connections between spelling processes and properties of the UF. Together, these four tracts, namely the AF, IFOF, ILF and UF, underlie and connect important brain regions known to be involved in spelling processes, and thus brain-spelling-behaviour relationships associated with these pathways warrants explicit investigation.
Structural brain alterations in young adult males with narcissistic personality disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Jing Lou, Yueji Sun, Zhixia Cui, Lei Gong
In the study, we found a lower FA value in the ILF, which is a multilayered, bidirectional fasciculus that have a direct contact with the uncinate fasciculus, the optic radiations, the long and posterior/vertical segments of the arcuate fasciculus, the IFOF and the vertical occipital fasciculus of Wernicke [19] Moreover, ILF participates in the process of decision-making and behavior of visual guidance. Individuals with NPD have defects in cognition, emotion recognition, description or recognition ability of internal self-state [20]. The uncinate fasciculus and ILF cortex project to the anterior temporal. They indirectly provide the anatomical connection between the posterior temporal lobe and the posterior occipital region and the frontal lobe, form an indirect ventral flow, and participate in language processing and semantic processing [19]. The destruction of ILF may also constitute the pathophysiological basis of visual hallucination and social affective disorders in mental hallucinations and affective disorders in autism spectrum disorders. Once ILF injures, it may interrupt the transmission, deprive the emotional quality of the visual experience, and produce the visual hypoemotionality [21]. Our results are in accordance with the previous studies showing the lower FA in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) [16].
Hyperarousal symptoms and decreased right hemispheric frontolimbic white matter integrity predict poorer sleep quality in combat-exposed veterans
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Sarah A. Bottari, Damon G. Lamb, Aidan J. Murphy, Eric C. Porges, Jake D. Rieke, Michał Harciarek, Somnath Datta, John B. Williamson
The uncinate fasciculus is a critical component of the ventrolateral limbic network, which links the amygdala with the orbitofrontal cortex via the anterior temporal pole. This tract plays a key role in prefrontal inhibition of mesial temporal lobe structures, such as the amygdala, that are involved in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation (44–46). Therefore, damage to this pathway may induce a loss of inhibitory control over the ANS, which could lead to a variety of sleep problems due to the close relationship between the ANS and sleep/wake regulation (47–49). Furthermore, there is a lateralized differentiation in the control of the ANS, such that the right hemisphere shows dominance in sympathetic nervous system regulation (50–52). Thus, damage to the right uncinate in particular may impact sleep.