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Topographical Disorientation
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
Topographical disorientation often occurs with other types of difficulties such as trouble with face recognition (see Prosopagnosia) or acquired colorblindness (see Achromatopsia), probably because the parts of the brain that process those types of information are located close to one another (Aguirre, 2003). It's also notable that topographical disorientation seems to be more common in right hemisphere brain damage (Claessen & van der Ham, 2017). Most people with these types of disorders make some improvements in their abilities to navigate over time, but mostly this seems to be due to coming up with new strategies for navigation rather than recovering their lost abilities (Barrash, 1998). However, many people with this disorder continue to receive messages from their brain that they've gone astray, even when they are right where they belong.
Recognising and engaging with spatial cognition problems
Published in Ross Balchin, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, Jan Webster, Addressing Brain Injury in Under-Resourced Settings, 2017
Ross Balchin, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, Jan Webster
To determine whether the patient has topographical disorientation, follow these steps: Step 1 – Ask the patient, and their relatives, whether they often get lost in both previously familiar places and new environmentsStep 2 – Ask the patient to find their way to a nearby locationStep 3 – Decide, based on the outcomes of Steps 1 and 2, if the patient is getting lost as a result of spatial disorientation
The neuropsychological rehabilitation of visual agnosia and Balint’s syndrome
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2019
Joost Heutink, Dana L. Indorf, Christina Cordes
Literature on the rehabilitation of topographical agnosia is scarce; only two studies giving information on treatment approaches could be included (Table 3). In the first study, Bouwmeester, Van de Wege, Haaxma, and Snoek (2015) described a patient with a relatively severe clinical presentation who benefited from an individualised training programme. The patient did not improve much in location recognition, but nevertheless learned to reach desired destinations. This outcome provides evidence that training can significantly increase independence and quality of life even in patients with severe deficits. The second study described a generally more highly functioning individual, who suffered severely from topographical disorientation (Davis & Coltheart, 1999). By focusing on the patient’s relevant environment and common routes, the patient was taught to use mnemonic techniques and a map to reach desired destinations independently and more securely. To conclude, both studies used compensatory strategies for the rehabilitation and offered some specific ideas about what may have been effective in these two cases.
Developmental prosopagnosia with concurrent topographical difficulties: A case report and virtual reality training programme
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2019
Sarah Bate, Amanda Adams, Rachel Bennetts, Hannah Line
Further, it has recently become clear that topographical disorientation can occur in developmental cases. For instance, Bianchini et al. (2010) described a 22-year-old man with severe developmental topographical disorientation (DTD) who was severely impaired at processing the spatial relationships between the parts of a whole stimulus; and Iaria and Barton (2010) reported 120 people with DTD who had an inability to form cognitive maps. Iaria, Bogod, Fox, and Barton (2009) carried out a thorough cognitive and neural examination of a woman with DTD. Behavioural assessments in real-world and virtual reality environments also revealed an inability to form cognitive maps, with a corresponding lack of activation in the hippocampal complex and retrosplenial cortex – regions that were activated in control participants performing the same task. In sum, most reports of DTD to date indicate that the primary impairment in developmental cases may be the formation and retrieval of cognitive maps. However, it remains unclear whether this difficulty is absolute, or if it can at least to some extent be alleviated by over-rehearsal or training within a given environment.
The effect of contextual auditory stimuli on virtual spatial navigation in patients with focal hemispheric lesions
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Mélanie Cogné, Jean-François Knebel, Evelyne Klinger, Claire Bindschaedler, Pierre-André Rapin, Pierre-Alain Joseph, Stephanie Clarke
Many cases of patients who have lost the ability to find their way have been described. The rather heterogeneous symptomatology has been grouped under the term of “topographical disorientation” (Aguirre & D'Esposito, 1999). Chrastil (2013) proposed neural correlates to each cognitive process involved in spatial navigation, and so showed the extent of cognitive processes and brain areas involved, in particular hippocampic and para-hippocampic gyri, caudal nucleus and retrosplenial cortex.