China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Low-grade Glioma: Principles of Diagnosis and Drug Treatment
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Olaf Witt, Astrid Gnekow, Daniela Kandels, Mark Kieran
The first randomized trial in this disease (COG 9952, 1997–2005) compared the two established US regimens (carboplatin and vincristine [CV])67 vs. TPCV69,81 in patients regardless of resection or tumor progression. Both regimens had a reasonable ability to produce objective responses and efficacy to control tumor regrowth for non-NF1 patients with LGG.75 Response rates were assessed at the end of 1 year’s chemotherapy and excluded those who had dropped out during treatment. The non-progression rate was 68% in both arms. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 39% for the CV and 52% for the TPCV arm and 5-year OS was 86% for CV and 87% for TPCV. Analysis identified significant sustained EFS advantage for the TPCV drug regimen, using a “cure model.” Unfavorable prognostic risk factors for EFS were age <1 year and residual tumor size >3 cm² and for OS age <1 year, thalamic site, and tumor size >3 cm². No separate analysis was given for 83 patients with LGG located in the posterior fossa/brainstem (n = 50) or supratentorial regions outside the optic pathways, hypothalamus, and thalamus (n = 43).
Migrants, pluralism and end-of-life decision-making for children with life-limiting illness
Published in Katja Kuehlmeyer, Corinna Klingler, Richard Huxtable, Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Health Care for, 2018
Katja Kuehlmeyer, Monika Führer
Josip suffered from pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), which is a rare autosomal recessively inherited neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder with a prenatal onset and characterized by progressive atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres, the pontine structures and varying involvement of supratentorial regions of the brain causing severe motor and cognitive impairments. So far 11 different forms of PCH have been identified, with varying courses of the disease, with, in some cases, almost absent developmental progress and early lethality (Dijk et al. 2018).
Neurosurgery
Published in Brian J Pollard, Gareth Kitchen, Handbook of Clinical Anaesthesia, 2017
The supratentorial region of the brain consists predominantly of the cerebral hemispheres and their meninges. Indications for surgery are detailed in Box 14.5 and the aetiologies are in Box 14.6. Tumours make up the vast majority of elective surgery. It is the most common site for brain tumours in adults but only one-third in children. The usual presentation is described in Box 14.7.
New MRI lesions and topography at 6 months of treatment initiation and disease activity during follow up in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Facundo Silveira, Francisco Sánchez, Jimena Miguez, Laura Contartese, Alejandra Gómez, Liliana Patrucco, Edgardo Cristiano, Juan Ignacio Rojas
We included a total of 56 patients, 38 (67%) were female, with mean age 34 ± 5 years, and a mean time follow up of 27 ± 4 months. Baseline characteristics of included patients are presented in Table 1. Regarding the reference MRI, a total of 13 patients (23.2%) showed 1 new lesion and 3 patients had 3 or more new lesions (Table 2). Most new lesions were identified in the supratentorial region (61%) while only 2 patients showed supra and infratentorial lesions in the reference MRI (Table 2). During follow up, 29% of patients showed new MRI activity while only 16% showed new clinical activity (relapses) (Table 2). During follow up, the presence of new lesions at the reference MRI predicted the occurrence of new lesions at month 24 (HR 3.1, CI 95% 2.5–5.8). The number of lesions and the infratentorial topography at reference MRI were associated with an increased risk of new radiological activity during follow up (HR 3.5, IC95% 3.1–6.1 and HR 2.4, IC95% 1.9–2.7, respectively) (Table 3. Figure 1). An increased trend in the risk of relapses was observed with the presence, the number and the topography of new lesions at reference MRI, but not statistically significant (HR 1.34, CI 95% 0.87–1.98; HR 1.46, CI 95% 0.93–2.1 and HR 1.32, 95%CI 0.95–2.23, respectively) (Table 4, Figure 2).
Endoscopic botulinum toxin injection for treatment of pharyngeal dysphagia in patients with cricopharyngeal dysfunction
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Seok-Hoo Jeong, Yu Jin Kim, Yoon Jae Kim, Ki Deok Park, Eui Joo Kim, Jun-Won Chung, Kwang An Kwon, Kyoung Oh Kim, Dong Kyun Park, Jung Ho Kim, Jae Hee Cho
The baseline characteristics of the patients with pharyngeal dysphagia are summarized in Table 1. The mean age of all patients was 58.0 ± 12.6 years old. Among the 14 patients, 12 (85.7% 12/14) were men and 2 (14.3% 2/14) were women. The follow-up period after treatment ranged from 4 to 64 months. The causes of dysphagia in our patients were ischemic stroke (85.7%, 12/14) and hemorrhagic stroke (14.3%, 2/14). The locations of the lesions were in the supratentorial region (7.1%, 1/14), in the infratentorial region (78.6%, 11/14) and in the subarachnoid space (14.3%, 2/14). Among patients at increased risk for comorbidities eight (57.1% 8/14) had hypertension, four (28.6% 4/14) had diabetes mellitus, one (7.1% 1/14) had angina pectoris and one (7.1% 1/14) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nine (69.2% 9/13) patients had an FOIS score of 1 and four (30.8% 4/13) had a score of 5 on the pretreatment test.
Mechanisms of COVID-19-induced cerebellitis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
Mohammad Banazadeh, Sepehr Olangian-Tehrani, Melika Sharifi, Mohammadreza Malek-Ahmadi, Farhad Nikzad, Nooria Doozandeh-Nargesi, Alireza Mohammadi, Gary J. Stephens, Mohammad Shabani
In the research by Ciolac et al., 1.5 T MRI of the brain revealed bilateral, symmetrically distributed lesions in the infratentorial and supratentorial regions, with significant involvement of both cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. The lesions had a hyperintense signal on FLAIR and diffusion-weighted images (limited diffusion), a hypo-hyperintense signal on T1-weighted pictures, and a hypointense signal on SWI (hemorrhage). A hypointense signal on the apparent diffusion coefficient maps corroborated the limited diffusion characteristic of cytotoxic edema. On T1-weighted post-contrast pictures, there was a modest augmentation of contrast. The presented pattern was consistent with acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection43.