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Neurology
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Head injury producing loss of consciousness may be followed by a period of post-traumatic amnesia. The intervening period may be punctuated by lacunae of retained memories. The residual cognitive and behavioural deficits are common, usually due to trauma to the white matter of the brain, a pathological process known as diffuse axonal injury which, unless very severe, does not show up on MRI. There is controversy over whether relatively mild brain injury can produce lasting cognitive and behavioural disturbances due to damage to the frontal lobes.
Return to Play Following Brain Injury
Published in Mark R. Lovell, Ruben J. Echemendia, Jeffrey T. Barth, Michael W. Collins, Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports, 2020
Ruben J. Echemendia, Robert C. Cantu
The lack of a universal definition or grading scheme for concussion renders the evaluation of epidemiologic data extremely difficult. We have evaluated many athletes who have suffered a concussion. Most of these injuries were mild and did not involve a loss of consciousness, and were associated with post-traumatic amnesia, which was helpful in making the diagnosis, especially in mild cases.
Neurological disease
Published in Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol, Handbook of Aviation and Space Medicine, 2019
Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol
Determining the presence or absence of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is useful in determining severity: PTA <30 min = mild.PTA 1–7 days = severe.
“It gave her that soft landing”: Consumer perspectives on a transitional rehabilitation service for adults with acquired brain injury
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2023
Jaycie K. Bohan, Mandy Nielsen, Kerrin Watter, Areti Kennedy
As displayed in Table 1, 11 client–close other dyads participated in interviews: 10 individuals with ABI and 12 related close others. This includes one close other who was interviewed prior to the corresponding individual with ABI deciding not to participate (reason stated as no personal desire to participate in research projects). A total of 19 interviews were conducted with 22 participants across the 11 client–close other dyads. The majority were individual interviews (n = 17); two joint interviews were requested by clients, and the corresponding close others declined the opportunity for additional separate interviews. All clients had sustained a severe brain injury as indicated by their medical records. The median length of post-traumatic amnesia was 52 days (range 10–97 days); the median hospital length of stay was 83 days (range 42–177 days). Average interview time was 45 min (range 29–85 min) with similar average times for face-to-face (n = 10), phone (n = 9), client-only (n = 8), close other-only (n = 9), and joint interviews (n = 2).
EEG reveals deficits in sensory gating and cognitive processing in asymptomatic adults with a history of concussion
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Anthony Tapper, W. Richard Staines, Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo
There is a dearth of research on the P50 ERP in individuals with a history of concussion. One study by Arciniegas et al. (23), showed changes to the P50 amplitude in individuals with a history of mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the paired click paradigm. Specifically, the TBI groups had a significantly smaller P50 ERP amplitude in response to the first auditory click, and a larger ERP amplitude to the second auditory click compared to controls. These findings indicate that individuals with a history of TBI have persisting problems gating-in incoming relevant information (first click) and gating-out irrelevant (second click) auditory information. In contrast, a recent study showed no significant differences in P50 ERP amplitude in military service members with and without a history of TBI sustained from a blast exposure when using the paired click paradigm (24). The authors suggested that the cohort in their study had less severe injuries compared to prior research (23), whose participants with TBI complained of persisting cognitive impairments, and were classified for severity by post-traumatic amnesia symptoms. These findings suggest that the severity of injury may play a significant role in persisting sensory processing dysfunction. It is possible that concussions might be associated with long-term problems that occur at the sensory stages of information processing, which could have downstream effects on cognitive information processing.
Neuropsychological recovery during the first 12 months after severe traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal study with monthly assessments
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Regina Schultz, Robyn L. Tate, Michael Perdices
The initial test occasion occurred as soon as possible after emergence from post-traumatic amnesia and completion of the inpatient clinical neuropsychological assessment conducted for rehabilitation planning purposes. There was no overlap between the clinical neuropsychological assessment and the instruments used in the present study. The initial test occasion generally corresponded to 3 months post-trauma and testing occurred every month for the first 12 months post-injury (approximately every 30 days) and as close as possible to the monthly anniversary of the participant's date of injury. There was a planned five-day assessment window, either side of the monthly scheduled date of assessment. The first and last assessments were always completed with Form 1, and a Latin Square design was used for the intervening assessments to control the order of administration of the alternate forms. The location of the test administration was at the rehabilitation unit, the participant's home, or at another suitable location convenient for the participant.