China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Rehabilitation after Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
The symptoms of post-concussion syndrome include headaches, dizziness, poor concentration, memory impairment and personality change. These usually resolve within the first 12 months although they may persist longer. Education and reassurance are essential during this phase in order to assist long-term recovery.
Neurology
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Post-concussion syndrome: patients often complain about symptoms (headache, dizziness, poor sleep, poor memory or concentration) many months after the initial (often mild) head injury; the cause of which is unclear.
Clinical aspects of head injury
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
Post-concussion syndrome is a recognised complication of mild-to-moderate head injury, when the individual recovers without major physical deficits but continues to be plagued by a variety of symptoms (Table 2.6). The relative contribution of organic brain damage and psychological factors remains uncertain.
Reading Difficulty Due to Oculomotor Dysfunction following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2023
Pritam Dutta, Ayisha Atiya, Smita Vittal, Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen
Mild TBI is a major public health concern that can have cognitive, physical, and emotional consequences.10 The majority of such incidents in developing nations, including India, involve people aged 20–40 years.10–12 RTA, falls, recreational activities, sports-related concussions, struck/assaults are some of the common etiologies.13 Individuals usually experience headache, dizziness, memory and concentration problems, amnesia, weakness and fatigue, loss of self-confidence, photophobia and phonophobia, confusion, and anxiety, which is termed as ‘Post-Concussion Syndrome.14,15 The four-tier model of mTBI proposed by Ciuffreda discussed the three major components of oculomotor function: accommodation, vergence, and versions.16 Through this case report, we emphasize appropriate testing for accommodation, vergence and versions, to understand and manage oculomotor dysfunction. Oculomotor dysfunctions following a head injury has been reported in the literature.3,17,18 Ciuffreda et al. in a retrospective analysis found that 90% of mTBI subjects had oculomotor dysfunction.18 Since saccades and pursuits share a common pre-motor neural pathway comprised of inhibitory omnipause neurons in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), any damage to this area might alter the oculomotor function.18 These alterations also impact reading, academic performance and daily activities of adults/children.19,20
Reevaluating clinical assessment outcomes after unrestricted return to play following sport-related concussion
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Xavier D. Thompson, Nicholas K. Erdman, Samuel R. Walton, Donna K. Broshek, Jacob E. Resch
Clinical recovery from concussion is often defined by the absence of symptomology, cognitive and postural stability deficits, but recent research has called into question if this is truly representative of full physiologic recovery. Recent research into direct measurement of physiology using technology such as fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), cerebral blood flow (CBF), electrophysiology, biomarkers, TMS and others has been largely exploratory in nature and has not produced evidence of a definitive time frame for physiologic recovery from concussion (13). It appears that physiologic recovery and clinical recovery may be related, but more research is needed in this area (14,15). Patients who experience persistent symptomology, cognitive, and/or postural stability deficits are often diagnosed with Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS), but it is not clear if this is physiologically distinct from the initial injury (16). If physiological healing may still be occurring it is important to monitor for any potential clinical deficits beyond the initial recovery window.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Children: The Psychological Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2020
Post-concussion syndrome occurs when concussion symptoms persist beyond the acute stage following a head injury and is a complex myriad of symptoms including somatic, cognitive, and emotional reactions. Those with preexisting psychiatric or mood disorders or a family history are at the highest risk of developing post-concussion syndrome following a concussion. Both physical and psychological symptoms associated with PCS can be exacerbated by post-traumatic stress reactions, anxiety, and depression, and it is unlikely for symptoms to resolve without intervention. It is important that families and children understand the potential role of psychological factors with PCS and associated symptoms as it may be assumed that the symptoms experienced are purely a result of brain damage from the injury itself.4 Collaborative care or a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and management is imperative for a successful recovery from PCS. It is important to continue to develop an awareness of concussion and brain injury and educate society to further refine approaches to assessment and academic function and accommodation.46 This will further help gain a better understanding of the potential long-term effects of untreated, unmanaged mild traumatic brain injuries.