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Neuroviral Infections
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Daniel Růžek, Neuroviral Infections, 2013
The architecture of the CNS is characterized by a great diversity of its constituents. That diverse neuronal systems react in a quite differentiated way to various noxae was first formulated as pathoclisis (Pathoklise) by C. and 0. Vogt (Vogt and Vogt 1922), who defined it as a structural or constitutional propensity of certain neuronal populations to react with disease to specific pathogenetic factors. While pathoclisis predominantly referred to the “endogenous” systemic atrophies, it was also used for lesions evoked by hypoxic, vascular, viral, and other erogenic factors (Pette 1938). Later on, the term selective vulnerability progressively replaced the concept of pathoclisis. The neurobiological basis of selective vulnerability has been poorly elucidated. It may be that host factors regulating viral synthetic processes are expressed in different ways in various neuronal populations. On the other hand, viral products may interfere with cell functions that are specific for definite cell types.
Neuroanatomy of the Functional Aging Brain
Published in José León-Carrión, Margaret J. Giannini, Behavioral Neurology in the Elderly, 2001
José León-Carrión, Héctor Salgado, Manuel Murga Sierra, Javier Márquez-Rivas, María Rosario Domínguez-Morales
Does the brain really age? It seems that accumulated experience clearly indicates that throughout a lifetime cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions regulated by the brain tend to decline, some more than others and more severely in certain people. It seems probable that the neuropsychological decline is closely associated with the appearance of diseases that affect the brain. As early as 1951, Vogt and Vogt1 proposed the term pathoclisis to refer to the vulnerability of brain tissue to time. They affirmed that some gray matter structures exhibited a higher susceptibility to pathogens.
Echoes of William Gowers’s concept of abiotrophy
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
Gilberto Levy, Bruce Levin, Eliasz Engelhardt
Notwithstanding its relevance, some believe that the term abiotrophy has completely fallen out of medical use. For Stern (1997), “The term abiotrophy failed to survive into current usage, but this was also the fate of others who wrestled with the same problem. … Pathoclisis too fell out of common usage.” In a recent biography of Gowers, Scott, Eadie, and Lees (2012, 224) stated, “Gowers was trying to explain the constitutional influence on disorders where biological inferiority of certain organs led them to wear out prematurely. … The term is now restricted to veterinary medicine. A condition ‘cerebellar abiotrophy,’ for example, is found in some breeds of horses and dogs”.