China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Diagnosing Tourette syndrome
Published in Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta, James F. Leckman, Understanding Tourette Syndrome, 2019
Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta
PANDAS is a childhood acute-onset spectrum of the following TS-like symptoms: tics including handwriting tics, OCD, bed-wetting, night terrors, learning disorders and separation-related anxiety. These symptoms may arise after streptococcal infections (cf. Chapter 2), and they occur in the form of severe attacks.
Pharyngitis
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The PANDAS hypothesis has stimulated considerable research, and controversy, but the American Heart Association guidelines state that, based on the current state of knowledge, the concept of PANDAS should be considered only as a yet-unproven hypothesis.7
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Published in MS Thambirajah, Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
PANDAS: Recently a subgroup of paediatric OCD called PANDAS (paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection) has been described. The onset of PANDAS follows infection with group A beta haemolytic streptococci and has a dramatic onset with obsessions and compulsions that meet the criteria for the diagnosis of OCD. The onset is during the prepubertal period and follows an episodic clinical course in response to infection with the offending streptococci (Swedo et al., 1998). PANDAS has been the subject of intense study, especially in the US, and has led to much speculation about the neurological substrate in the aetiology of OCD.
No neurochemical evidence of neuronal injury or glial activation in children with Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome. An explorative pilot study
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2021
Mats Johnson, Elisabeth Fernell, Christopher Gillberg, Anders Fasth, Lisa Dinkler, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg
This study was based on 17 children referred to a child and adolescent neuropsychiatric clinic, at the time of the study the main referral centre for children with suspected PANS in Gothenburg and the southwestern part of Sweden. All included children met the research criteria for PANS1 and had had an abrupt onset of OCD and at least two associated, severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Co-occurring psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) were reported in 23.5% of the children in the PANS group, which is in line with other reports (Frankovich et al. 2015; Murphy et al. 2015). A basal ganglia involvement is presumed in PANDAS and there are studies implicating immune-mediated basal ganglia and striatal involvement also in PANS aetiology and in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders (Silverman et al. 2019). However, as discussed by Gilbert et al. (2018) studies of PANDAS and PANS are inconclusive regarding pathophysiology, diagnostic markers and treatment. The need for cross-institutional collaboration and well-conducted investigations of underlying biological mechanisms in children with PANDAS/PANS has also been emphasised, given the severe nature of the symptoms and considerable effects on family and child functioning (Wilbur et al. 2019).
Application of Exposure Plus Response Prevention for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Related to Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Cynthia E. Brown, Kristin M. Hawley
Although OCD is usually characterized by a slow, insidious onset (Coles et al., 2012), Swedo et al. (1998) identified a subgroup of pediatric OCD patients that were distinguished by an acute and dramatic (seemingly overnight), onset of OCD symptoms and co-occurring neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Many of these initial cases also showed recent Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection, leading to the initial diagnostic term: Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS; Perlmutter et al., 1998). Research on the PANDAS presentation raised new issues, including (a) considerable heterogeneity among patients’ symptoms, (b) ambiguous temporal precedence of GAS infection and the onset of OCD symptoms, and (c) PANDAS-like symptoms following non-streptococcal infections (Swedo et al., 2012). Thus, PANDAS was re-classified under the broader clinical syndrome of Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) by a multidisciplinary panel of clinicians and researchers (PANS Research Consortium; Chang et al., 2015). Current criteria for a diagnosis of PANS are detailed by Swedo et al. (2012), and include (i) abrupt, dramatic onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder or severely restricted food intake; (ii) concurrent presence of at least two additional neuropsychiatric symptoms (anxiety; emotional lability and/or depression; irritability, aggression, and/or severely oppositional behaviors; behavioral (developmental) regression; deterioration in school performance; sensory or motor abnormalities; somatic symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, enuresis, or urinary frequency; and (iii) symptoms not better explained by a known neurologic or medical disorder, such as Sydenham’s Chorea.
PANDAS – a rare but severe disorder associated with streptococcal infections; Awareness is needed
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2023
Karin Frånlund, Charbél Talani
PANDAS is an acronym for ‘paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections’ and is defined as a sub-group of PANS, ‘Paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome’. Although the validity of the diagnosis has been debated, criteria for PANS have recently been established (Table 1) [1]. PANDAS is a rare condition and might be hard to diagnose.