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Roles of Functional Foods in Neuroprotection
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Madhumita Barooah, Dibya Jyoti Hazarika
Neurodegeneration is a process involved in brain aging and neuropathological conditions. Cognitive dysfunction emerged as a key health problem in the 21st century, and many neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, AD, depression, cerebrovascular impairment, head injury, seizure disorders, and PD are functionally debilitating the mankind (Commenges et al. 2000). Neuroprotection denotes the strategies and relative mechanisms that protect the CNS against neuronal injury that arises due to acute (e.g., trauma or stroke) and chronic neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., AD, PD) (Kumar 2006).
Nerve Agent–Induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus: Neuroprotective Strategies
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Frederic Doreu, Karine Thibault, Nina Dupuis
In vivo imaging is a powerful technology to assess a neuroprotective treatment. The rodent brain can be noninvasively and repeatedly imaged, enabling detailed spatiotemporal mapping of brain injury within a single animal. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), studies showed in vivo alterations in brain structures and function after acute poisoning (Bhagat et al., 2001; Carpentier et al., 2008; Hobson et al., 2018; Shrot et al., 2012; Testylier et al., 2007). Attenuation of these alterations after neuroprotective intervention can be observed using this technology (Bhagat et al., 2005; Carpentier et al., 2008; Rosman et al., 2012; Shrot et al., 2015).
Drug therapy
Published in Jeremy Playfer, John Hindle, Andrew Lees, Parkinson's Disease in the Older Patient, 2018
The potential worldwide market for anti-Parkinson’s drugs is growing with an ageing population. There is a significant number of compounds under development for the treatment of PD. Increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of PD has led to new pharmacological targets.82 It is always very difficult to predict which areas of research will be fruitful and bring new products to the market place. At the most fundamental level, we should eventually be able to exploit our knowledge of the pathophysiology with drugs that alter the progression of the disease. Neuroprotection has been the target for Parkinson’s drug treatment for some time but claims made in this regard with present therapy are far from established. Among the currently researched drug classes with possible neuroprotective mechanisms are: (1) mitochondrial protectors (coenzymeQ10, creatine); (2) anti-apoptotic agents (CEP-1347); (3) anti-inflammatory agents; (4) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (rasagiline, safinamide); (5) protein aggregation inhibitors, and (6) neurotropic agents.83
Cell cycle deregulation in neurodegenerative diseases
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Xiaobo Zhang, Shuxin Song, Wenpeng Peng
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the inhibition of cell cycle regulators alleviates neuronal death in PD. Gallastegui et al. [63] firstly revealed a negative regulatory mechanism of α-SYN (Alpha-synuclein, which play an important role in AD) expression, suggesting a putative role for cell cycle regulators in PD. This regulation was performed by p27 in collaboration with p21 and mediated by p130/E2F4 repressor complexes. These results allow to postulate that this regulatory mechanism could be disrupted or altered in the process of induction or propagation of PD. Tsutomu Sasaki [64] found that necdin, a growth suppressor expressed predominantly in postmitotic neurons, interacting with transcription factors E2F1 and p53, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis mediated by stabilization of endogenous Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-la) protein. It aimed to enhance neuroprotection against neurodegenerative disease. Even until now we know a lot about the link between PD and cell cycle, the signal pathway in detail is unclear. We still have to research more in order to find an effective therapy.
How should future clinical trials be designed in the search for disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson’s disease?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Abhishek Lenka, Joseph Jankovic
The primary outcome measure need not always be motor-centric and should include appropriate assessments of non-motor features, including cognitive dysfunction, neuropsychiatric symptoms, dysautonomia, etc. One strategy that looks particularly promising is the prospect of synergistic therapies. As PD has several underlying pathological substrates, it makes sense to target multiple pathways simultaneously. One of the critical factors that have been shown to be potentially neuroprotective is lifestyle modification. As studies have demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise has considerable positive effects on PD patients in terms of functional brain connectivity, cognition, and overall better clinical course, structured exercise regimens may be combined with the DMT in future trials. Last, but not least, in the future, governments, regulatory agencies, academic centers, and industry should emphasize the support for clinical trialists, statisticians, and other workforce trained in designing and conducting clinical trials [146].
Cytoprotective effect and clinical outcome of perioperative progesterone in brain tumors, a randomized microscopically evidence study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Omyma Shehata Mohamed, Mohab Mohamad Darwish, Marian fathy Gayyed, George abdelshaheed Hanna, Walid Zeidan Nanous, Mina Maher Raouf
Brain tumor can harm brain tissue by two mechanical forces: solid stress and tumor-associated edema [1]. Brain deformation resulted from tumor growth- is-called “mass effect” while the compressive forces exerted by cells and the matrix named solid stress [2]. Cytotoxic oedema around tumor can also add burden on healthy brain tissue around, through tumor secreted vasodilator materials as nitric oxide. No single drug endorsed to provide neuroprotection in such case [3]. Progesterone is considered a natural neuro-steroid which can provide neuroprotective effects through pleiotropic pathways. Progesterone induces reduction of cerebral edema and inflammatory response, renovates the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and prevents the occurrence apoptosis and cellular necrosis [1]. Moreover, some studies demonstrated anticancer activity of progesterone, which is associated with its cytotoxic and chemosensitizing effect on different cancer cells [4]. It induced tumor cell death in a dose-dependent manner when was used repeatedly for 3 and 6 days in glioblastoma the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Also, it potentiated the antitumor effect of temozolomide (TMZ) the standard chemotherapeutic agent for human glioblastoma and reduces its side effects [5].