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Marine Polysaccharides from Algae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Wen-Yu Lu, Hui-Jing Li, Yan-Chao Wu
Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive damage of neurons, which are mainly related to the death of neurons. This leads to a gradual loss of cognitive and physical function. The most common neurodegenerative diseases are Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Lin and Beal, 2006). There are two main types of neurodegenerative diseases: dyskinesia and degeneration/dementia disorders (Huang et al., 2018). The disease afflicts about 35.6 million people around the world. The number is expected to double by 2030 and triple by 2050. Even in most high-income countries, it is difficult for dementia patients to obtain adequate medical care, where only about 50% of dementia patients are correctly diagnosed, while in low-income and middle-income countries, less than 10% of cases are diagnosed. With the aging of the population, the number of patients with dementia is also increasing (Jager et al., 2014).
Neurology in Documentaries
Published in Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, Neurocinema—The Sequel, 2022
Neurogenetics has found its way into the movies (Chapter 4) but rarely into documentary film. Most familial neurodegenerative diseases have no cure, and there are no medications to delay the manifestations of the disorder. For filmmakers, there may not be much to show other than the relentless decline of the patient. However, further characterization of the genetic code of these disorders, and eventually prediction of its later appearance through laboratory testing, has become a reality. Some scientists have stated that precision (individualized) medicine is just around the corner, and if so, this could create immediate ethical problems with late-onset neurologic disorders. Accurate prediction (i.e., knowing whether you will get it) varies for each neurologic disorder, and actual testing may involve insufficiently validated biomarkers.
Neuroimaging in Nuclear Medicine
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anne Larsson Strömvall, Susanna Jakobson Mo
Neurodegenerative disorders are common in the elderly population but may also occur in middle age. These disorders are neurodegenerative disorders causing progressive deterioration of neuronal function, typically leading to cognitive impairment, memory loss, and/or motoric dysfunction. Neurodegenerative diseases often share underlying mechanisms and features, and the distinction between these diseases may be difficult to assess clinically. The diagnosis is largely made by clinical examination. Functional imaging is often used to support the diagnosis.
An updated patent review of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in cancer (2020 – present)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2023
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of pathological conditions that cause movement disorders and cognitive and memory impairments. HDACs have been identified with the crucial role in neurodegeneration [73]. Several clinical trials are ongoing, such as SAHA for Alzheimer’s disease (NCT03056495), Phenylbutyrate for Huntington’s disease (NCT00212316) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (NCT00107770). Structural modification to reported HDAC 1/2 inhibitor, the N-(2-aminophenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide-based derivatives have also been designed and demonstrated significant inhibitory activity on HDAC 1/2 with 1–20 nM of IC50. In addition, the ratio of brain AUC to plasma AUC can reach almost 20. However, further investigation on the efficacy of abovementioned derivatives for neurodegeneration or cognitive dysfunction diseases is needed [74]. On the other hand, based on the recent report from Liou et al., the 10,11-dihydro-5 H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine hydroxamates can increase cerebral blood flow, attenuate cognitive impairment, and improve hippocampal atrophy in in vivo study. It may provide a new avenue for the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment [75].
Antioxidant Effects of Resveratrol in Intervertebral Disk
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Yachong Huo, Dalong Yang, Kaitao Lai, Ji Tu, Yibo Zhu, Wenyuan Ding, Sidong Yang
Resveratrol (3,5,4’-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol compound, has been identified in various plants and red wine. So far, it has not reached a consensus on the antioxidant effects and properties of resveratrol because of its complicated mechanism. Antioxidant effects and properties of resveratrol have been widely documented, but the related mechanism remains to be elucidated.11–13 Resveratrol has been shown to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by activating SIRT1 signaling.14 These neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. In terms of osteoarthritis, resveratrol, as an anti-AGEs (advanced glycation end products) therapeutics, can effectively slow osteoarthritis progression by degrading AGEs.15 However, resveratrol have been found that it can be quickly eliminated, and might have toxic side effects if administered at high doses.16 Therefore, resveratrol might also delay the progression of IVDD by inhibiting oxidative stress, and the effect of resveratrol at an appropriate dose on IVDD should also be clarified.
Retinal imaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Eirini Christinaki, Hana Kulenovic, Xavier Hadoux, Nicole Baldassini, Jan Van Eijgen, Lies De Groef, Ingeborg Stalmans, Peter van Wijngaarden
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of conditions that cause deterioration of the structure and function of the central nervous system, and most are attributed to a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. An estimated 44 million people currently have Alzheimer’s disease, or a related dementia and this number is projected to rise to 152 million by 2050.1 In addition, over 6 million people have Parkinson’s disease and 2.8 million people have multiple sclerosis, two other common neurodegenerative diseases.2,3 The need for therapeutic innovation for these disorders is urgent. Increasing awareness that the optimal window for treatment is early in the disease course, before significant neurodegeneration occurs, has led to a growing demand for convenient biomarkers that allow timely detection of those with, or at risk of these diseases.4