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Canine Audiology
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Kristine E. Sonstrom, Peter M. Scheifele
Howell et al. identified the mismatch negativity (MMN) response in a group of dogs and reported that the technique may provide valuable insights in cognitive-related tasks (Howell et al., 2011, 2012). Mismatch negativity is an event-related potential elicited by a combination of a frequent and standard stimuli and infrequent deviant or “odd-ball” stimuli (Naatanen et al., 1978). This response occurs within the latency range of 100–300 ms following stimulus onset and is thought to originate from the primary and secondary auditory cortices within the temporal lobe, with contributions from the frontal lobe. Physiologically, the MMN response reflects several sequential and fundamental brain processes, including a pre-attentive analysis of sound features, cognitive processes, sensory memory and continuous comparison and perception of the two types of presented stimuli (Naatanen, 2007). Certainly, this measure may provide important information regarding auditory cognition, although, additional research is needed to establish normative MMN data and evaluate the practicality of this measure in dogs.
Auditory pathways
Published in Stanley A. Gelfand, Hearing, 2017
Mismatch negativity (Näätänen, 1995; Hall, 2007; Starr and Golob, 2007; Martin, et al., 2008) is a negative deflection at latencies of about 150–275 ms which occurs when a subject detects a signal that differs from the ones that came before it. This electrophysiological discrimination measure occurs even if the subject is not attending to the stimuli. It should not be surprising that the event-related potentials are reflecting cortical activity that involves more than just the auditory areas.
Voltage-Sensitive Dye and Intrinsic Signal Optical Imaging
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Vassiliy Tsytsarev, Reha S. Erzurumlu
The details of the biological origin underlying fast IOSs remains unclear, but most investigators believe that the ion and water movement as well as small changes in the cellular volume, associated with neural activity, causes a change in the optical scattering of the brain parenchyma. A special case of the IOS is fast optical imaging and, in particular, the event-related optical signal (EROS). EROS imaging uses near-infrared or infrared light through optical fibers to monitor changes in the optical properties of the brain tissue (Baniqued et al., 2013). This method is based on the scattering properties of the neurons and therefore provides a direct measure of the neural activity within centimeters (spatial) and milliseconds (temporal) resolution. In the auditory system, a mismatch negativity (a brain response to acoustic irregularities), previously demonstrated by evoked potential recordings in humans, has been confirmed by EROS (Sable et al., 2007). Recently associative aspects of memory have been examined by EROS methods. It was found that a brain region involved in face recognition was activated not only in response to the face representation but also when viewing scenes, associated with specific faces (Walker et al., 2014).
P-MMR and LDN beside MMN as Speech-evoked Neural Markers in Children with Cochlear Implants: A Review
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2022
Zohreh Ziatabar Ahmadi, Saied Mahmoudian, Hassan Ashayeri
It is well known that the maturation of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in normal-hearing (NH) children provides a basis for understanding the effects of deafness and electrical stimulation of central auditory system in implanted children (Ponton et al., 2000). Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive and objective tool with high temporal resolution and records an index of the neurophysiological sound detection in normal children and children using CI (Jiwani, Papsin, & Gordon, 2013; Näätänen, Petersen, Torppa, Lonka, & Vuust, 2017). Immature/abnormal neural responses to speech-evoked contrasts, known as MMRs with positive and negative polarity before or after adult-like mismatch negativity (MMN), are frequently reported in previous studies on young NH children and other disorders. The most observed MMRs include pre-attentive (positive-MMR or p-MMR, MMN, and late discriminative negativity or LDN) and attentive (e.g., P3a). These mostly provide excellent evidence concerning higher auditory processing in CI children.
Neural reactivity parameters of awareness predetermine one-year survival in patients with disorders of consciousness
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Oded Meiron, Jeremy Barron, Jonathan David, Efraim Jaul
In order to predict clinical outcome in patients with DOC (5,11,12), we suggested that it would be prudent to cross-validate subjective clinical assessment scores with objective event-related EEG activity reflecting an automatic brain-response independent of the active engagement of the participant (5,11,12). Auditory event-related potential (ERP) paradigms, such as the mismatch negativity (MMN) task, allow the registration of early evoked amplitudes reflecting pre-attentive, obligatory central auditory processing. MMN amplitudes and peak-amplitude latencies represent an automatic change-detection response (i.e. deviant-tone detection versus standard tone detection) in healthy participants, and provide a level-of-consciousness index in coma and VS patients (5,13). MMN amplitudes, generated at temporal-frontal cortical regions, are observed as increased negative amplitude-change of an early negative-component following a deviant infrequent tone versus a standard frequent tone’s early negative component (i.e., regularity-violation mechanism). Furthermore, it has been suggested that MMN amplitudes index pathological brain excitation and were noted as a reliable predictors of recovery from anoxic coma (13).
Comparison of primary musicality development between children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Meng Wang, Tianqiu Xu, Yan Zhong, Yan Zheng, Jing Lv, Jinye Luo, Chao Meng, Qianqian Guo, Shusheng Gong, Xueqing Chen
There has been a comparatively small amount of research about the musicality of CI children, and most studies concentrated on older children. Petersen [10] studied the brain responses to musical feature changes in 11 adolescents who grew up with CI’s. He verified that the mismatch negativity (MMN) in the EEG of CI adolescents was significantly smaller than in normal hearing controls. The results suggested that CI adolescents had poorer music discrimination ability. Marsella [11] studied six children with prelingual deafness, aged 2 ∼ 6. The peculiar pattern of alpha asymmetries of EEG in their prefrontal cortex in response to musical stimuli suggested poor music discrimination ability as well. Bartov [12] compared the musicality between 33 CI children aged from 3 to 8 years old and 12 normal hearing ones through a music perception test. The results showed that the normal hearing group surpassed CI children at identifying songs via melodic and tonal distinctions, but no significant difference via rhythmic distinctions. Roy [13] used a test battery Music in Children with Cochlear Implants (MCCI) to assess perception of music in 10 CI children aged from 5 to 9 years old. He demonstrated that CI users can make use of temporal and spectral cues to discriminate between music stimuli, although not to the same level as their normal hearing peers. He also found that the pitch-based sections were particularly difficult for them.