China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nutritional Deficiencies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Deepa Bhupali, Fernando D. Testai
Korsakoff's psychosis: cell loss and gliosis occur in the medial mammillary nucleus and medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (similar to Wernicke's disease), but there is greater cell loss in the anterior principal nucleus of the thalamus.
Brain Motor Centers and Pathways
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
The superior colliculus is a layered, multi-sensory structure that receives inputs from the retina, the visual, parietal, and frontal cortices, as well as inputs from the auditory and somatosensory systems. The superior colliculus has a major ascending projection to the frontal cerebral cortex through the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. It projects to the nuclei controlling extraocular muscles that mediate eye movements, and to the cervical spinal cord through the tectospinal tract.
Applied physiology of nociception
Published in Pamela E Macintyre, Suellen M Walker, David J Rowbotham, Clinical Pain Management, 2008
By following the projection pathways originating in the nociceptive areas of the spinal cord dorsal horn (laminae I and V), it is possible to associate brain regions with nociceptive function. By doing so, several nuclei in the lateral thalamus (ventral posterior lateral nucleus, ventral posterior medial nucleus, ventral posterior inferior nucleus, posterior part of ventromedial nucleus) and in the medial thalamus (centrolateral thalamus, ventrocaudal part of medial dorsal nucleus, parafascicular nucleus) have been identified, which in turn project to the cortical areas. The list of cortical areas that may subserve nociceptive functions includes: primary somatosensory cortex (S1), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), and its vicinity in the parietal operculum, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex.38, 43, 44 Thus, multiple cortical areas are activated by painful stimuli (Figure 1a.6).45
Thalamocortical neural responses during hyperthermia: a resting-state functional MRI study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Jing Zhang, Shaowen Qian, Qingjun Jiang, Guanzhong Gong, Kai Liu, Bo Li, Yong Yin, Gang Sun
Consistent with previous studies, each cortical region was specifically connected to distinct nuclei within the thalamus (Figure 3). Specifically, thalamic connectivity with the somatosensory and motor/premotor subdivisions was mainly located in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus in both groups. Paired comparison showed increased thalamic connectivity in the ventral lateral nucleus with the cortical somatosensory and motor/premotor areas during hyperthermia. The prefrontal subdivision was robustly connected to medial dorsal nucleus in both groups. Between-group comparison revealed that decreased thalamic connectivity in the bilateral medial dorsal nucleus and left ventral posterior lateral nucleus with the prefrontal ROI was found in HC group. The frontal polar and ACC showed strong connections to ventral medial and lateral nucleus in the hyperthermic condition, whereas to ventral medical nucleus and pulvinar in the normal condition. Paired comparison revealed decreased connectivity of the frontal-polar and ACC with bilateral ventral anterior nucleus and left pulvinar during hyperthermia. The temporal cortex in both conditions showed strong correlation with posterior medial nucleus. But increased correlation with the bilateral pulvinar in the HC condition during the paired comparison. The posterior parietal cortex correlated strongly with lateral posterior nucleus and pulvinar in the HC group, whereas with ventral pulvinar in the NC group. The occipital ROIs showed strong connections to ventral lateral nucleus. But no significant differences were found by posterior parietal cortex and occipital ROIs during group-paired comparisons.
Time perception impairment following thalamic stroke: A case study
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Joe Mole, Jill Winegardner, Donna Malley, Jessica Fish
Van der Werf et al. (2003) note that, although memory has received the greatest attention due to striking cases of diencephalic amnesia, thalamic damage can be associated with severe deficits in executive functioning and attention. For example, they found executive impairments in patients with lesions that included the medial dorsal nucleus, midline nuclei and/or intralaminar nuclei, and deficits in reduced complex attention following damage to the intralaminar nuclei (Van der Werf et al., 2003). Temporal disorientation has been described as a rare consequence of thalamic stroke, with an estimated prevalence of 4% within this patient group (Kumral, Gulluoglu, & Dramali, 2007).